Compensation For Tendon, Ligament or Cartilage Damage

Claim Criminal Injuries Compensation For Tendon, Ligament or Cartilage Damage

Damage to tendons, ligaments, or cartilage in one or both arms can significantly disrupt your quality of life. These types of injuries often lead to lasting disability, reduced mobility, and chronic pain—particularly when they occur as the result of a violent crime. Tasks that were once second nature, such as lifting, writing, or typing, may suddenly become difficult or impossible.

If you’ve suffered such an injury due to an assault or another act of violence, you may be entitled to compensation through the Criminal Injuries Compensation Authority (CICA). This scheme supports victims of violent crime in England, Scotland, and Wales, providing financial relief for physical and psychological injuries.

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Understanding Tendon, Ligament or Cartilage Damage and Common Causes of Tendon, Ligament or Cartilage Damage in Violent Incidents

Injuries involving connective tissue—such as tendons, ligaments, and cartilage—are often overlooked in terms of their long-term consequences, but they play a critical role in the structural integrity and mobility of the upper limbs. Tendons connect muscles to bones, ligaments provide joint stability by linking bones together, and cartilage acts as a cushion between bones, especially in joints like the elbow and shoulder. When these components are damaged due to trauma, the resulting pain, swelling, and mechanical dysfunction can be both immediate and prolonged.

Such damage can hinder everyday functions ranging from lifting groceries to performing occupational tasks like typing or manual labour. In severe cases, even basic movements such as extending the arm or rotating the wrist can trigger intense discomfort or instability. Left untreated—or even with treatment—connective tissue injuries may lead to chronic inflammation, joint deformities, or degenerative conditions like arthritis. The severity of impairment often correlates with the degree of tissue damage and whether multiple structures are involved, which is why CICA assesses these injuries using a detailed compensation tariff. Common causes of these injuries in violent crimes include:

  • Being struck with a blunt object: Assaults involving weapons like bats, metal bars, or heavy tools can cause direct trauma to the arms, resulting in ligament tears, tendon ruptures, or cartilage degradation near major joints.
  • Falls during an attack: A sudden fall caused by being pushed or attempting to flee can result in awkward landings that stretch or tear connective tissue, particularly in the shoulder or elbow.
  • Forceful grabbing or twisting: During physical assaults, perpetrators often grab or restrain victims forcefully, leading to hyperextension or torsion injuries. These can result in rotator cuff damage, bicep tendon ruptures, or strained elbow ligaments.
  • Chronic domestic violence: Repeated instances of low-impact trauma over time may cumulatively weaken tendons and ligaments, especially around load-bearing joints in the arms.
  • Self-defense movements: Trying to block or parry an incoming blow often leads to injury in the arms or hands, especially if forcefully struck. This can overstretch tendons or misalign cartilage around the elbow or wrist.

Although some connective tissue injuries may heal with rest and conservative treatment, many cases require structured physiotherapy, corticosteroid injections, or even surgical repair. These interventions aim to restore movement and reduce pain, but in many instances, victims experience long-term limitations. Chronic discomfort, reduced strength, and loss of mobility are common, especially in cases classified as moderate to severe damage under CICA guidelines.

Eligibility Criteria to Make a CICA Claim for Tendon, Ligament or Cartilage Damage

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To be considered for compensation through the CICA scheme, you must meet a number of eligibility criteria. CICA is designed specifically for victims of violent crime, so your injury must be clearly linked to an act of intentional harm. Key eligibility requirements include:

  • Location of the incident: The crime must have occurred in England, Scotland, or Wales.
  • Nature of the incident: It must be a deliberate, violent crime such as an assault, robbery, domestic abuse, or attempted murder.
  • Police involvement: The incident must have been reported to the police as soon as reasonably possible.
  • Claim time limits: You must submit your application within two years of the incident date. Exceptions apply in limited cases (e.g., abuse victims or mental health delays).
  • Cooperation with authorities: You need to have fully cooperated with police investigations and any legal proceedings.
  • Medical evidence: Your injury must be diagnosed by a medical professional, and there must be documentation outlining its severity and long-term impact.
  • Criminal record: You must not have any unspent serious criminal convictions that would affect your eligibility.

Even if no one is charged or convicted, you can still claim as long as you meet the above criteria and provide strong supporting evidence.

How Much Compensation You Can Receive For Tendon, Ligament or Cartilage Damage?

Our cica claim calculator in the main menu will help you with estimating the potential compensation that may be paid in respect to your claim. However, be aware that figures do vary considerably depending upon the nature (severity) of the injury and the impact on your daily life, period of suffering and whether any mental harm has been caused.

CICA provides fixed, tiered compensation awards based on multiple factors: the location and number of limbs affected, the severity of damage to the tendons, ligaments, or cartilage, and whether the injury led to substantial recovery or resulted in long-term disability. This tariff-based structure ensures consistency across claims, but understanding which level applies to your case is essential for estimating the award.

Current CICA compensation tariffs for tendon, ligament, or cartilage injuries (arms):

  • Minor damage:
    • One arm, continuing significant disability – £1,000 (A1)
    • Both arms, continuing significant disability – £2,400 (A4)
  • Moderate damage:
    • One arm, continuing significant disability – £2,400 (A4)
    • Both arms, substantial recovery – £2,400 (A4)
    • Both arms, continuing significant disability – £6,200 (A7)
  • Severe damage:
    • One arm, substantial recovery – £1,500 (A2)
    • One arm, continuing significant disability – £3,500 (A5)
    • Both arms, substantial recovery – £4,600 (A6)
    • Both arms, continuing significant disability – £11,000 (A8)

These tariffs are based strictly on medical evidence showing the extent of your injury and its ongoing impact. It’s important to ensure that your medical records align with the appropriate tariff description, whether your condition involves persistent pain, reduced function, or irreversible joint instability.

In addition to the base award, you may be eligible to claim for the following special expenses and additional losses:

  • Loss of earnings: If your injury prevented you from working for 28 weeks or more, you may be entitled to claim compensation for the income lost during that time. This includes wages, freelance earnings, or self-employment income and must be supported by payslips, P60s, or tax records.
  • Private treatment costs: This includes any out-of-pocket expenses for treatments not readily available on the NHS such as physiotherapy, steroid injections, specialist consultations, or diagnostic scans that were medically recommended to aid your recovery.
  • Mobility aids and equipment: You can claim for braces, slings, compression sleeves, ergonomic supports, or any rehabilitation tools or devices that assist in restoring function and independence during recovery.
  • Home assistance: If your upper limb injury restricts your ability to perform tasks like dressing, washing, preparing meals, or general housework, the cost of a temporary carer or domestic help can be included.
  • Travel costs: Reimbursement may be claimed for mileage, bus, train, or taxi fares related to attending medical appointments, physiotherapy sessions, or mental health support.
  • Workplace adaptations or assistive technology: For those who need changes to their job environment or tools—such as voice recognition software, one-handed keyboards, or adapted machinery—these costs may be claimable when recommended by a medical or occupational specialist.
  • Replacement of damaged clothing or personal effects: If your clothing or work equipment was damaged during the attack, the cost to repair or replace these items may also be considered under special expenses.
  • Childcare and dependency support: If your injury has affected your ability to care for children or dependents and you required paid childcare or additional support, these costs may be recoverable.

All these additional costs must be supported with clear documentation such as receipts, invoices, or medical notes. Accurate and thorough evidence increases the likelihood of your special expenses being approved by CICA.

These additional expenses must be directly linked to the injury and supported by receipts or medical recommendations. Documenting these thoroughly can significantly increase the total value of your CICA claim.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) For Tendon, Ligament or Cartilage Damage

Yes. You may be eligible for CICA compensation if you sustained damage to tendons, ligaments, or cartilage in one or both arms due to a violent crime in England, Scotland, or Wales. These injuries often result from assaults, such as being punched, grabbed, twisted, or struck with an object. Damage to connective tissues like tendons or ligaments can cause significant pain, restricted movement, and long-term disability. To qualify for compensation, the injury must be a direct result of a criminal act of violence, be reported to the police as soon as reasonably possible, and be supported by comprehensive medical documentation. Even if the perpetrator is not convicted or identified, you may still claim as long as the incident meets the civil standard of proof.
The CICA covers a broad range of soft tissue injuries involving:

  • Tendon ruptures, tears, or inflammation (e.g., rotator cuff tear, biceps rupture)
  • Ligament injuries, including sprains, partial or full ruptures (e.g., UCL tears, elbow instability)
  • Cartilage damage, such as tearing or degeneration within joints like the wrist, shoulder, or elbow

These injuries are considered for compensation when they result in either a substantial recovery or ongoing significant disability. The classification of minor, moderate, or severe depends on the number of structures involved, the complexity of treatment, recovery duration, and how much function has been lost.

CICA assigns compensation based on the type and severity of the injury:

Minor damage

  • One arm with continuing significant disability – £1,000
  • Both arms with continuing significant disability – £2,400

Moderate damage

  • One arm with continuing significant disability – £2,400
  • Both arms with substantial recovery – £2,400
  • Both arms with continuing significant disability – £6,200

Severe damage

  • One arm with substantial recovery – £1,500
  • One arm with continuing significant disability – £3,500
  • Both arms with substantial recovery – £4,600
  • Both arms with continuing significant disability – £11,000

The correct award depends on the number of limbs involved, degree of impairment, and evidence of long-term consequences.

CICA uses detailed medical reports to assess the injury. The classification depends on:

  • The number of soft tissues affected (single vs multiple structures)
  • Whether the injury required surgery or extended therapy
  • The impact on mobility, grip strength, or joint stability
  • How long symptoms persist after the incident
  • Whether recovery was complete or only partial
  • Minor injuries might involve short-term pain and strain, moderate injuries may involve torn tissues and prolonged therapy, while severe injuries usually result in surgery or lasting disability.
Continuing significant disability refers to long-term or permanent impairment in function due to the injury. This includes:

  • Ongoing or chronic pain
  • Joint stiffness or instability
  • Reduced strength or endurance in the arm
  • Difficulty lifting, pushing, or completing repetitive movements
  • Persistent inflammation or swelling
  • If you are unable to return to normal activities, perform your job as before, or require ongoing rehabilitation due to these symptoms, your injury may qualify under this category. The impact must be significant and documented over time.
Substantial recovery means the injury has mostly healed within a reasonable timeframe (typically 28 weeks), and you have regained normal or near-normal function. Although some minor symptoms—such as mild discomfort or stiffness—may persist, they do not prevent you from performing daily tasks or working as usual. Medical records should show consistent improvement, and follow-up evaluations should indicate stable function with little to no ongoing treatment required.
Surgery is not a requirement but may serve as evidence of a more serious injury. What matters most is the lasting effect of the injury on your physical function and quality of life. Some severe injuries may be managed non-surgically but still result in permanent limitations. If surgery was performed, surgical reports and follow-up care documents should be included with your claim to demonstrate the scale of intervention and recovery challenges.
Yes. Multiple soft tissue injuries in a single arm can increase the injury’s classification from minor to moderate or severe, especially if they result in reduced range of motion, weakness, or long-term dysfunction. For example, tearing both the ulnar collateral ligament and the biceps tendon in one arm would likely qualify as moderate or severe, depending on the outcome. Provide imaging reports and treatment records detailing all structures involved to support your claim.
Yes. If you sustained injuries to both arms—even if one arm has minor damage and the other is more seriously affected—CICA may still consider the cumulative disability. The more joints or muscle groups impacted, the greater the interference with day-to-day function. For example, if one arm has reduced grip and the other is limited in range of motion, your ability to perform tasks requiring two hands is significantly diminished, which may warrant a higher award.
Robust and clear medical documentation is key to a successful CICA claim. Essential documents include:

  • A&E or urgent care records from the time of injury
  • Diagnostic imaging (X-rays, MRI, or ultrasound scans)
  • Specialist assessments from orthopaedic surgeons or sports injury experts
  • Physiotherapy records detailing treatment and response
  • Surgical reports, if applicable
  • Final assessment letters noting prognosis, function, and any permanent limitations
  • Make sure your healthcare providers clearly state the structures affected, severity of the injury, treatment provided, and your level of recovery.
Yes. If your injury prevents you from working for more than 28 consecutive weeks, you may be eligible to claim for loss of earnings. To qualify, you must provide:

  • Medical records stating you are unfit to work
  • Payslips, P60s, or self-employment tax records proving your income
  • A letter from your employer confirming your absence and reason
  • Loss of earnings compensation is calculated at a standard CICA rate unless you meet specific exceptional criteria. Your employment status and the impact of the injury on your job role are central to this part of the claim.
Yes. Physical injuries that result in long-term lifestyle changes often trigger mental health challenges. If your injury caused depression, anxiety, or PTSD—particularly if it stopped you from working or engaging in social life—you may qualify for additional compensation. You must:

  • Receive a formal diagnosis from a psychiatrist or clinical psychologist
  • Demonstrate that the condition has lasted at least 6 weeks and significantly impacts daily functioning
  • Submit treatment notes and mental health assessments
  • CICA considers both the physical and psychological impact of injuries when awarding compensation.
If you had a prior musculoskeletal condition—such as tennis elbow, arthritis, or a previous rotator cuff tear—that was stable and then worsened due to the violent crime, you may still be eligible for compensation. CICA may reduce the award proportionally if your injury worsened an existing condition. It is important to show before-and-after evidence through GP notes, specialist letters, or imaging. The key is demonstrating how the criminal injury changed your baseline function.
Although CICA focuses on functional disability, visible signs of trauma—like chronic swelling, scarring, or joint deformity—can support your claim, particularly if they contribute to psychological harm. Swelling that persists or causes mobility issues may reinforce claims for continuing significant disability. Include photographs, medical images, and any therapist or GP statements describing visible or cosmetic changes that affect your quality of life.
You should submit your CICA claim within two years of the incident date. This timeframe applies unless exceptional circumstances exist—such as being under 18 at the time or suffering from trauma that delayed your ability to apply. To maximise your chance of a successful outcome:

  • Report the crime to police immediately and retain your crime reference number
  • Seek medical treatment without delay and keep all records
  • Begin compiling evidence of how the injury has affected your daily life and ability to work
  • Applying early and submitting a complete application with full documentation significantly improves the chances of receiving the correct compensation.
If your injury to tendons, ligaments, or cartilage results in complications—such as joint instability, chronic pain, nerve impingement, or decreased mobility—after submitting your CICA claim, it’s important to notify CICA as soon as possible. Long-term deterioration that affects your daily life or employability can change the award tier. Updated medical documentation, including follow-up reports, diagnostic scans, and specialist assessments, should be submitted to support your case. If a decision has already been issued, but your condition has significantly worsened, you may be eligible for a review or potentially file a new claim if the change in condition qualifies as a distinct development under the scheme’s rules.
Yes. If you needed slings, braces, support bandages, ergonomic aids, or mobility tools during your recovery due to tendon, ligament, or cartilage damage, these costs may be recoverable as special expenses under the CICA scheme. To qualify:

  • The aid must be medically necessary
  • You must have paid for it yourself (i.e. it was not provided free by the NHS)
  • You can provide receipts or invoices
  • Examples include specialised slings, ergonomic work equipment, or mobility aids that helped maintain independence during healing. Statements from your GP, orthopaedic consultant, or physiotherapist explaining the necessity of these aids strengthen your claim.
Yes. While the CICA primarily considers how injuries affect work and essential daily functioning, loss of leisure and recreational activity due to a permanent or long-term injury can be relevant in assessing the degree of disability. If your injury stopped you from returning to sports, gym activity, music, crafts, or other skill-based hobbies you previously enjoyed, this could demonstrate the extent of impairment. Provide evidence such as:

  • Personal statements describing the change in quality of life
  • Therapist or GP letters explaining the physical limitations
  • Statements from sports clubs or instructors acknowledging the impact
  • This helps convey a more complete picture of how the injury has disrupted your life.
Physiotherapy and rehabilitation records are crucial for showing the severity of your injury, the recovery timeline, and any ongoing issues. These reports:

  • Document pain levels and mobility restrictions
  • Show compliance with prescribed treatment
  • Help establish whether recovery was substantial or ongoing
  • Highlight any failure to progress or return to normal function
  • Ask your physiotherapist to include a summary of your treatment plan, your response to therapy, and their professional opinion on your prognosis. The longer the therapy duration and the more limited your improvement, the stronger your argument for continuing significant disability.
If your arm injury causes long-term or permanent issues such as weakness, joint instability, numbness, or reduced range of motion, these outcomes support a classification of continuing significant disability. Even if you regained some functionality, persistent limitations—such as an inability to lift heavy objects, pain when extending the arm, or difficulty using tools—can warrant a higher tariff. Ask for a functional capacity evaluation (FCE) or similar report from a specialist to document these limitations. This is particularly important for jobs requiring manual labor or repetitive arm movement.
Yes. You may still be entitled to compensation even if you’re working in a reduced capacity. If your duties have been altered, your hours reduced, or you’re no longer able to take on tasks you previously managed due to your injury, this change is relevant. You might not qualify for full loss of earnings but could claim:

  • Reduced earning capacity under special expenses
  • Additional support for therapy, adaptations, or retraining
  • Employer statements, pay records, and occupational health reports are especially helpful for showing how the injury affected your job role and productivity.
CICA may reduce your award if you contributed to the circumstances of the crime—for example, if you were engaged in risky behaviour or provoked the attacker. However, this does not automatically disqualify your claim. The authority assesses fault based on the context, witness accounts, and police reports. If you acted in self-defense or attempted to protect someone else, CICA generally treats this favorably. It’s important to clearly explain the situation in your statement and submit any available supporting evidence.
Yes. CICA does not require a criminal conviction to issue compensation. As long as the incident was reported to the police, you fully cooperated with the investigation, and there is credible evidence showing that a violent crime occurred and caused your injury, you can still qualify. Use your crime reference number, police statement, and supporting witness or medical documentation to strengthen your application. CICA works on the balance of probabilities rather than beyond reasonable doubt.
Yes. You don’t have to manage your application alone. Free support is available from:

  • Victim Support, which can assist with completing forms and understanding the process
  • Citizens Advice, offering legal and benefit advice
  • Specialist personal injury solicitors, who can prepare and manage your application (some work on a no-win, no-fee basis but may take a portion of the award)

If your case is complex or involves multiple types of injuries (physical and psychological), professional guidance can significantly improve your chances of a successful outcome.

To maximise your chance of receiving the correct award, follow these steps:

  • Report the crime promptly and get a crime reference number
  • Seek medical attention immediately and maintain follow-ups
  • Gather detailed medical evidence, including imaging, surgical reports, and therapy progress notes
  • Provide functional impact statements, outlining how the injury affects your work, self-care, and quality of life
  • Submit the claim within two years or explain delays with supporting documentation
  • Keep all receipts and invoices for special expenses like aids, private therapy, or travel costs

Presenting a clear, evidence-backed, and well-organised claim is the best way to secure the compensation you deserve through CICA.

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Helping Victims of Violent Crimes To Recover Compensation From CICA

Understanding Tendon, Ligament, or Cartilage Damage and Types of Injuries

Tendons, ligaments, and cartilage are essential components of the musculoskeletal system, particularly in the arms where flexibility, strength, and precision are vital for daily activities. Tendons connect muscles to bones, ligaments connect bones to other bones, and cartilage provides cushioning at joints. When damaged, any of these structures can lead to significant pain, limited mobility, and long-term complications.

Types of tendon, ligament, or cartilage injuries include:

  • Tendon tears or ruptures: These occur when the connective tissue attaching muscle to bone is stretched beyond its capacity. In violent assaults, a forceful yank, punch, or fall can lead to torn biceps, triceps, or wrist extensors. This injury often results in significant pain, loss of range of motion, and may require surgery followed by months of rehabilitation.
  • Ligament sprains or complete tears: Ligaments are highly susceptible to trauma from sudden twisting or blunt force. During an altercation, wrists and elbows may be forcibly bent or twisted, causing sprains or even full ligament ruptures. These injuries can lead to joint instability, swelling, and a prolonged loss of function.
  • Cartilage damage or degeneration: Cartilage acts as a shock absorber in joints. It can be damaged during direct impacts, falls, or pressure from a weapon or blunt object. In some cases, the damage may not present immediate symptoms but can progress to joint locking, grinding, or stiffness, severely limiting joint function and requiring surgical intervention.
  • Overuse injuries exacerbated by assault: If an individual had prior joint or tendon issues, a violent encounter can worsen the condition dramatically. Minor tears may become complete ruptures, and inflamed joints may become dysfunctional, leading to longer recovery times and more extensive treatment needs.
  • Joint instability or dislocations: A forceful blow or awkward landing during an attack can dislocate a joint or overstretch ligaments. These injuries compromise joint alignment and may lead to recurring dislocations, limited range of motion, and long-term disability, especially without surgical repair or consistent therapy.

These injuries can occur individually or in combination and are commonly overlooked in the immediate aftermath of violent incidents. However, they may lead to long-term physical limitations, making it crucial to properly assess and document the injury as part of a CICA claim.

Understanding the Long-Term Effects of Connective Tissue Damage

Damage to tendons, ligaments, or cartilage in the arms can result in long-term physical consequences that extend well beyond the initial injury. These soft tissue structures are essential for joint stability, mobility, and functional strength. When compromised, they can severely impair arm and hand performance, affecting everything from daily self-care routines to employment. Many victims of violent crime report lasting impairment, even after surgery or physical therapy, due to complications such as joint stiffness, scar tissue buildup, or recurrent inflammation.

Such damage often hinders people from returning to their previous line of work, particularly in physically demanding or manual jobs. Activities such as driving, lifting, carrying objects, typing, or using tools can become painful or impossible without assistance. As a result, some victims may be forced to change careers or seek extended time off work. Common long-term complications include:

  • Chronic joint instability or weakness, which can make everyday movements unpredictable, painful, and increase the risk of falls or further injury. This can affect activities such as driving, dressing, or even holding household items.
  • Persistent pain and inflammation during even low-impact activities, including routine chores like vacuuming, reaching overhead, or lifting light shopping bags. These symptoms can be aggravated by weather changes or repetitive motion.
  • Reduced grip strength or manual dexterity, which can affect a person’s ability to write, type, use kitchen utensils, or engage in hobbies like sewing, painting, or DIY projects. This limitation often leads to a significant drop in quality of life.
  • Frozen shoulder or locked elbow, where the joint becomes extremely stiff or immobile without ongoing treatment and stretching. This condition may require repeated physiotherapy sessions or even surgical intervention.
  • Severely limited ability to lift, carry, or push objects—making it difficult to manage tasks like moving furniture, carrying groceries, or pushing a pram. This often necessitates help from others or adaptive tools to maintain independence.

Without proper long-term care, these complications can worsen, leading to secondary injuries or mental health challenges. Many victims require a combination of physiotherapy, pain management, ergonomic adaptations, and psychological support to adapt to their new limitations and reclaim a sense of normalcy.

Evidence You Need to Support Your CICA Claim

For a successful CICA claim, your injury and its connection to the crime must be well-documented. Incomplete or inconsistent records can weaken your application. Key evidence includes:

  • Police report and crime reference number: Confirms that the incident was reported promptly and investigated.
  • Medical diagnosis and hospital records: Including scan results, doctor’s notes, discharge summaries, and surgical reports.
  • Specialist evaluations: Reports from physiotherapists, orthopaedic specialists, or occupational therapists detailing ongoing disability.
  • Rehabilitation plans: Evidence of ongoing treatment such as physiotherapy, pain management, or occupational therapy.
  • Personal statement: Describe how the injury happened, the impact on your life, and any challenges you continue to face.
  • Psychological assessments: If you’re suffering from anxiety, PTSD, or depression due to the incident or injury.

The more comprehensive and organised your documentation, the greater your chance of securing fair compensation.

What Special Expenses Can You Claim?

In addition to the base compensation tariff, CICA allows for the reimbursement of certain additional costs linked directly to your injury. These are known as special expenses, and they must be supported with clear evidence and receipts. Eligible special expenses include:

  • Loss of earnings: If you were unable to work for 28 weeks or more because of your injury.
  • Medical expenses: Private physiotherapy, rehabilitation equipment, braces, or supports not covered by the NHS.
  • Transport costs: Travel to and from hospitals, clinics, or specialist treatment centres.
  • Home assistance: If you required help with cooking, cleaning, dressing, or personal care.
  • Adaptive equipment: Ergonomic tools, voice-activated software, or custom-fitted furniture for work or home use.
  • Workplace adaptations or assistive technology: For those who need changes to their job environment or tools—such as voice recognition software, one-handed keyboards, or adapted machinery—these costs may be claimable when recommended by a medical or occupational specialist.
  • Replacement of damaged clothing or personal effects: If your clothing or work equipment was damaged during the attack, the cost to repair or replace these items may also be considered under special expenses.
  • Childcare and dependency support: If your injury has affected your ability to care for children or dependents and you required paid childcare or additional support, these costs may be recoverable.

All claims for special expenses must be supported by receipts, invoices, or medical referrals.

Emotional and Psychological Impact of Arm Injuries

Injuries to the arms don’t just affect physical movement—they can also significantly impact your mental and emotional wellbeing. The sudden loss of independence, especially after experiencing a violent crime, can result in overwhelming stress, anxiety, and frustration. Everyday tasks that were once effortless may now feel insurmountable, and this drastic change often contributes to mental health decline. The emotional burden is often heightened by financial strain, job uncertainty, and social withdrawal. Psychological effects may include:

  • Anxiety about your future: Concerns about whether you will ever regain full function, return to work, or maintain your standard of living can be constant and debilitating.
  • Depression and loss of motivation: Chronic pain, limited mobility, and long-term recovery timelines may lead to feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or worthlessness, especially if your lifestyle has drastically changed.
  • Loss of identity and confidence: Particularly for individuals whose careers or roles relied on physical ability—such as carers, construction workers, or athletes—the inability to perform as before can result in a profound loss of self.
  • Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): Flashbacks, nightmares, or heightened fear responses linked to the violent event that caused the injury can affect sleep, concentration, and overall mental health.

If you’ve pursued mental health support, including counselling, therapy, or psychiatric treatment, it’s important to include this in your CICA application. Professional documentation—such as diagnostic letters, treatment summaries, or therapy progress notes—not only highlights the depth of your experience but can qualify you for additional compensation under the psychological injury tariff.

Recovery and Long-Term Rehabilitation

Depending on the severity of your injury, recovery can range from a few months of supervised therapy to several years of medical intervention and lifestyle adaptation. In mild cases, individuals may regain functionality with conservative treatment, but more severe damage—particularly involving multiple structures like tendons and ligaments—can lead to lifelong limitations, chronic pain, and even the inability to return to prior employment. These cases often require ongoing support from both physical and mental health professionals. Rehabilitation may include:

  • Regular physiotherapy or hydrotherapy to rebuild strength, flexibility, and joint mobility over time. Sessions may be intensive during the early stages and taper to maintenance therapy.
  • Occupational therapy to help patients re-learn motor skills, adapt to permanent restrictions, and use adaptive tools or techniques for everyday tasks such as writing, cooking, or using a computer.
  • Pain management programs or medication plans developed in coordination with specialists to address nerve pain, inflammation, or post-operative discomfort, often using a combination of medications and holistic therapies.
  • Surgical interventions to repair torn tissues, stabilise joints, or remove damaged cartilage. Multiple surgeries may be required if the injury is complex or complications arise during healing.
  • Mental health support for dealing with the trauma of the violent incident, frustration with physical limitations, and emotional recovery. Counselling and therapy can be crucial in building resilience and preventing long-term psychological effects.

The extent and duration of rehabilitation should be carefully documented and submitted with your CICA claim. Including medical notes, appointment records, and referrals from healthcare professionals will help ensure all aspects of your recovery process are fully considered in your compensation evaluation.

Additional Losses You Can Claim

Loss of Earnings – If your injury caused you to be unable to work for more than 28 weeks, you may be eligible for compensation from the Criminal Injuries Compensation Authority (CICA) for lost earnings. To qualify, you must be able to demonstrate that you had a consistent and regular income before the injury. This could include proof of full-time employment, self-employment, or any other verifiable source of income. CICA will consider your pre-injury income levels to calculate the compensation. This can be especially crucial if the injury significantly impacted your financial stability and your ability to support yourself or your family.

Psychological Trauma – If your injury led to psychological trauma such as Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), depression, or anxiety, you may be entitled to additional compensation. These mental health conditions can have a long-term impact on your well-being, and CICA recognises the importance of supporting victims of crime with emotional and psychological support. To qualify for compensation for psychological trauma, you will need to provide medical evidence of the diagnosis from a qualified mental health professional. The severity of your condition and the impact on your daily life will be taken into account when determining the amount of compensation.

Special Expenses – If your injury results in additional needs, such as mobility aids or home adaptations, CICA may compensate you for these “special expenses.” However, there is an important criterion: you must have been unable to work for at least 28 weeks as a result of your injury. This compensation is meant to help cover the costs of any special equipment or alterations to your living space that are necessary for you to maintain a reasonable quality of life after the injury. This can include items like wheelchairs, prosthetics, home modifications (such as ramps or stairlifts), or any other equipment that helps you with mobility or daily activities. The claim must be substantiated by proof of these expenses and how they relate to your injury.

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Increasing the Chances of a Successful CICA Claim

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To improve your chances of receiving the highest possible CICA compensation, follow these essential steps:

  • Report the Crime Immediately – Delays in reporting the crime can weaken your claim, so notify the police as soon as possible. If there is a valid reason for a delay, such as being medically incapacitated or facing threats from the perpetrator, you must provide evidence to support your explanation.
  • Provide Strong Medical Evidence – Ensure all medical reports, X-rays, and surgical records clearly detail your injury, the severity of the fracture, and its long-term effects. A medical professional’s prognosis regarding mobility limitations, future treatments, and rehabilitation needs can strengthen your claim.
  • Keep Financial Records and Document Expenses – If you have lost earnings or incurred medical expenses due to your injury, retain all relevant documentation. You may be able to claim special expenses for:
    • Loss of income due to inability to work;
    • Mobility aids such as crutches or wheelchairs;
    • Home modifications (e.g., stairlifts or handrails);
    • Ongoing physiotherapy or rehabilitation costs;
    • Travel costs for medical appointments;
    • Costs of personal care if you need assistance with daily activities.
  • Be Consistent with Your Statements – Ensure your statements to the police, medical professionals, and CICA are aligned. Discrepancies in accounts of how the injury occurred or differences in timelines may raise questions that could delay or reduce your compensation.
  • Seek Legal Assistance If Necessary – If your case is complex, involves long-term disability, or was initially rejected, consulting a solicitor who specialises in CICA claims may help strengthen your application. Legal professionals can assist in gathering additional evidence, drafting appeals, and negotiating a fair settlement.

Criminal Injuries Compensation Basic Eligibility Requirements:

You need to meet some basic requirements before you can claim compensation from CICA

  • Time Limit: There is a two-year time limit for making a CICA claim for compensation under the scheme, although exceptions may be made in cases where the injury was not immediately apparent or where the victim was a child at the time of the crime. Exceptions may be made for historic sexual abuse cases else you should have a good reason for delay in making a claim.
  • Connection Between Injury & Crime: The injuries you are claiming for must have been sustained as a direct result of a crime of violence and you are a blameless victim.
  • Reporting the Crime: The crime must have been reported to the police as soon as is reasonably practicable and you do not drop the charges. The victim must have cooperated with the police investigation and prosecution. CICA does not consider whether an assailant is prosecuted or not.
  • Residency: To be eligible for compensation under the CICA scheme, the incident must have happened in England, Scotland or Wales and victim must have been resident in the UK at the time of the crime.
  • Behaviour of The Victim: The victim’s behaviour must not have contributed to the injury. In certain circumstances, compensation may still be payable even if the victim’s behaviour contributed to the injury, but this will be assessed by CICA on a case-by-case basis.
  • Criminal Convictions: In some cases, compensation may be reduced or refused if the victim has an unspent criminal record.
  • Injuries Before 1979 (the “same roof” rule): Until 2019, victims injured before 1 October 1979 by an attacker they lived with could not claim. That restriction was abolished in June 2019, so if you were previously refused compensation for this reason you may now be able to apply.

If you are considering making a compensation claim for your injuries, it’s always best to consult with a solicitor or the Criminal Injuries Compensation Authority (CICA) to check your eligibility to make a claim. You can call us or request a free callback for a free initial consultation. We take all CICA cases on a No Win, No Fee basis. This means you don’t need to pay us anything if we can’t secure any compensation.

What is Criminal Injuries Compensation Scheme?

The Criminal Injuries Compensation Scheme in the UK is a government-run program that provides financial compensation to individuals who have been physically or mentally injured as a result of violent crime. The compensation is paid to those who have suffered injury and can demonstrate that the injury was sustained as a direct result of a crime of violence.

To be eligible for compensation, the crime must have been reported to the police and the victim must have cooperated with the police investigation and prosecution. The amount of compensation awarded is based on a tariff system and can range from a few hundred to several thousand pounds, depending on the severity of the injury and other factors.

The purpose of this scheme is to provide financial support to victims of violent crime who have been physically or mentally injured as a result of the crime. The compensation is intended to help cover the cost of medical expenses (which are not covered by NHS or recoverable from any other source), lost income, and other expenses related to the injury.

What Payments Are Available From The Scheme?

CICA will consider claims for the following injuries, medical conditions and special expenses:

  • mental or physical injury following a crime of violence;
  • sexual or physical abuse;
  • loss of earnings – where you have no or limited capacity to work as the direct result of a criminal injury;
  • special expenses payments – these cover certain costs you may have incurred as a direct result of an incident. You can only ask us to consider special expenses if your injuries mean you have been unable to work or have been incapacitated to a similar extent for more than 28 weeks;
  • a fatality caused by a crime of violence including bereavement payments, payments for loss of parental services and financial dependency; and funeral payments.

To qualify for an award, an injury must be described in the tariff of injuries at Annex E of the CICA Scheme. Not all claims for compensation will be successful; you must be eligible under the rules of the Scheme.

What Information Do I Need To Make A Criminal Injuries Compensation Claim?

To make a claim for compensation claim through the Criminal Injuries Compensation Authority (CICA), you will need to provide certain information and documentation to support your criminal injury claim. Some of the information and documentation as minimum you will need include:

Details of The Crime & Injuries: You will need to provide a detailed account of the crime that resulted in your injury, including the date, time, location of the incident and injury details.

Crime Reference Number: You will need to provide the crime reference number issued by the police.

Police Station, Police Officer Name & Collar Number: You will need to provide the name of the police station, police officer name and collar number who dealt with the crime.

GP & Hospital Details and Medical records: You will need to provide GP & hospital details, consent to ask your medical records to see the nature and extent of your injuries, including any diagnoses and treatment received and submit it to CICA.

Other Supporting Evidence: You may also need to provide additional supporting evidence, such as witness statements or photographs, specialist medical reports, etc. to support your claim.

How is The Compensation Amount Determined?

The compensation amount is determined based on a tariff system that takes into account the specific nature and impact of the injury. We can assist with negotiating the compensation amount and ensuring that you receive the maximum amount of compensation available under the scheme. We can also check your eligibility to make a CICA claim and also advise you the approximate award amount you might receive from CICA.

Can I File a CICA Claim & Receive Compensation if The Offender is Not Convicted?

Yes, you can still file a CICA claim and compensation may still be payable even if the offender is not convicted. Remember you have two years to make a compensation claim under the CICA scheme, although exceptions may be made in cases where the injury was not immediately apparent or where the victim was a child at the time of the crime. Exceptions may be made for historic sexual abuse cases else you should have a good reason for delay in making a claim.

Can I Receive Compensation if I Was Injured Outside the UK?

To be eligible for compensation through the CICA, the crime must have occurred in England, Scotland, or Wales. If you were injured outside of the UK, you may still be eligible for compensation through other schemes or compensation programs but not from CICA.

Which Injuries Can Not Be Claimed From CICA?

CICA has specific eligibility criteria for claims, and certain types of injuries or circumstances may not be eligible for compensation. Here are some common examples of injuries or circumstances that may not be eligible for compensation through the CICA:

Self-inflicted Injuries: Compensation cannot be awarded for injuries that were self-inflicted or caused by the victim’s own actions.

Criminal Activity: Compensation cannot be awarded for injuries sustained as a result of criminal activity in which the victim was participating, such as a fight or brawl.

Minor Injuries: Minor physical injuries which can be healed itself such as scratches, bruises, black eye, soft tissue injuries, broken nose, broken ribs, bruising or a black eye are not claimable. You can claim for scarring from the CICA scheme.

Animal Attack / Dog Bite:  You can’t claim for any animal attack or dog bites unless the animal was used as a weapon and ordered to attack purely to cause the harm or injuries.

Theft or Burglary: Damaged or lost/stolen properties such as house, car, phone, or any other device cannot be claimed from CICA scheme. You can claim for physical or mental injuries sustained as a result of theft, burglary and attack.

PTSD Not Diagnosed by Psychologist or Psychiatrist: PTSD, Anxiety and depression needs to be diagnosed by a clinical Psychologist or Psychiatrist in order to make a claim. CICA won’t accept any diagnosis by GP or  any other medical professional.

When CICA Can Reject Your Claim?

The most common reasons for a Criminal Injuries Compensation Authority (CICA) claim to be rejected are:

Time Limit: Claims must be made within two years of the date of the incident or the date when it is reported to the police. Where claimant is a minor they have until their 20th birthday to make a CICA claim. Claims made outside this time limit may be rejected, unless you have exceptional circumstances for the delay in submitting your claim.

Failure to Cooperate With the Police: Compensation claim may be rejected if the victim failed to provide statement, cooperate with the police during the investigation or dropped charges.

Unspent Conviction: If the claimant has an unspent conviction at the time of applying or before an award offer, their claim may be reduced or rejected. If you are unsure that your drink and drive or any other conviction is spent or unspent then give us a call.

Minor Injuries: If the injuries you sustained during the incident are minor and not included within the ‘CICA Scheme Tariff” then your claim may be rejected by CICA.

Psychological Injury Without Diagnosis: CICA may reject any claim compensation for mental injuries that are not diagnosed by a clinical Psychologist or Psychiatrist.

Lack of Supporting Evidence: If the requested medical evidence or other supporting evidence are not provided or not enough to demonstrate that you sustain an injury as a direct result of violent crime, then your claim may be rejected.

Calculate Your Claim Amount

You can use our simple CICA claim calculator to calculate the potential award amount.

How We Can Help With CICA Claim?

  • Providing Advice on Eligibility: We can help determine if you are eligible for compensation through the CICA scheme, based on the specific circumstances of your case and the other requirements of the scheme. We can help you recover compensation from £1,000 to £500,000.
  • Gathering & Presenting Evidence: We can help gather and present evidence to support your claim, including medical records, injury form, GP report and other forms & relevant documentation. We will fight to recover the compensation that you deserve & deal with matters on your behalf.
  • Completing the Application Form: We will complete the application form for CICA compensation on your behalf to ensure that it is completed correctly and submitted in a timely manner. We will handle everything on priority basis and keep it confidential.
  • Negotiating the Compensation Amount: We will negotiate with the CICA on your behalf to ensure that you receive the maximum amount of compensation available under the scheme. We will also advise you that the compensation award offered is appropriate or not.
  • No Win, No Fee: We will proceed with you claim on a No Win, No Fee basis. You don’t need to pay us anything if we can’t secure any compensation for you from CICA.

It’s important to note that while a solicitor is not required to make a claim for compensation through the CICA, many victims find it helpful to have legal representation to ensure that their rights are protected and that they receive the maximum amount of compensation available.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is Criminal Injuries Compensation Scheme?

Criminal Injuries Compensation Authority (CICA), is an executive agency of the UK government responsible for administering the Criminal Injuries Compensation Scheme (CICS). The CICS is a government-funded program that provides compensation to victims of violent crime who have been physically or psychologically injured as a result of the crime.

The CICA considers applications from individuals who have been injured in England, Scotland, or Wales and who meet the eligibility criteria for the scheme. These criteria include being a resident of the UK, a national of the European Economic Area (EEA), or having leave to remain in the UK. Additionally, the crime must have been reported to the police within a reasonable time frame, and the victim must have cooperated with the police in any investigation and prosecution of the crime.

The amount of compensation awarded by the CICA depends on the nature and severity of the injury, and may also take into account loss of earnings and other expenses incurred as a result of the injury. The CICA may also consider the behaviour of the victim in determining the amount of compensation to be awarded.

The rules of the Scheme and the value of the payments awarded are set by Parliament and are calculated by reference to a tariff of injuries. Although the size of the award varies to reflect the seriousness of the injury, we know that it will never fully compensate you for what you have suffered or lost – it is just society’s way of recognising that you have been a victim.

The Scheme applies to all applications received on or after 27 November 2012. This guide should be read in conjunction with the Scheme, which remains the authoritative document.

Basic eligibility criteria for the Criminal Injuries Compensation Scheme (CICS):

  1. Residency: To be eligible for compensation from the CICA, you must be a resident of the UK, a national of the European Economic Area (EEA), or have leave to remain in the UK. The incident itself must have happened in England, Scotland or Wales. If you were injured by a violent crime abroad, CICA cannot compensate you, but you may be able to claim under the Victims of Terrorism Abroad Scheme or the compensation scheme of the country where it happened.
  2. Report to the Police: The crime must have been reported to the police within a reasonable time frame. The CICA may also require evidence that you have cooperated with the police in any investigation and prosecution of the crime.
  3. Injury: You must have suffered an injury as a result of a crime of violence that took place in England, Scotland, or Wales. The injury must be physically or psychologically traumatic, and you must provide medical evidence of the injury.
  4. Time Limit: There is a time limit for making an application to the CICA, which is generally two years from the date of the crime. However, in certain circumstances, the time limit may be extended.
  5. Conduct of the Victim: The CICA may also consider the behaviour of the victim in determining eligibility for compensation. If the victim was engaged in criminal activity at the time of the crime, or if their behaviour contributed to the crime, their application for compensation may be refused.
What is The Eligibility Criteria for CICA Claims?

The CICA have set criteria which enables you to claim under their scheme, which includes:

  • You must have suffered the physical or psychological injury as a result of a violent crime;
  • The incident must have happened in England, Wales or Scotland;
  • The incident must have been reported to the police as soon as practically possible;
  • You must fully cooperate with the police and the CICA;
  • Your injuries must be serious enough to meet the minimum requirements of the CICA scheme.

Time Limit: There is a two-year time limit for making a CICA claim for compensation under the scheme, although exceptions may be made in cases where the injury was not immediately apparent or where the victim was a child at the time of the crime. Exceptions may be made for historic sexual abuse cases else you should have a good reason for delay in making a claim.

Connection Between Injury & Crime: The injuries you are claiming for must have been sustained as a direct result of a crime of violence and you are a blameless victim.

Reporting the Crime: The crime must have been reported to the police as soon as is reasonably practicable and you do not drop the charges. The victim must have cooperated with the police investigation and prosecution. CICA does not consider whether an assailant is prosecuted or not.

Residency: To be eligible for compensation under the CICA scheme, the incident must have happened in England, Scotland or Wales and victim must have been resident in the UK at the time of the crime.

Behaviour of The Victim: The victim’s behaviour must not have contributed to the injury. In certain circumstances, compensation may still be payable even if the victim’s behaviour contributed to the injury, but this will be assessed by CICA on a case-by-case basis.

Criminal Convictions: In some cases, compensation may be reduced or refused if the victim has an unspent criminal record.

Injuries Before 1979 (the “same roof” rule): Until 2019, victims injured before 1 October 1979 by an attacker they lived with could not claim. That restriction was abolished in June 2019, so if you were previously refused compensation for this reason you may now be able to apply.

If you are considering making a compensation claim for your injuries, it’s always best to consult with a solicitor or the Criminal Injuries Compensation Authority (CICA) to check your eligibility to make a claim. You can call us or request a free callback for a free initial consultation. We take all CICA cases on a No Win, No Fee basis. This means you don’t need to pay us anything if we can’t secure any compensation.

Who Can Apply for CICA Compensation?

The Criminal Injuries Compensation Authority (CICA) in the UK provides compensation to victims of violent crime who have been physically or psychologically injured. To be eligible for compensation from the CICA, you must have suffered an injury as a result of a crime of violence that took place in England, Scotland, or Wales.

To apply, you must be a resident of the UK, a national of the European Economic Area (EEA), or have leave to remain in the UK. Additionally, the injury must have been reported to the police within a reasonable time frame, and you must cooperate with the police in any investigation and prosecution of the crime. The CICA may also consider the behaviour of the victim in determining eligibility for compensation award.

The people who can apply for compensation under the scheme include:

  • A person who has suffered an injury;
  • A close relative of someone who passed away as a result of their injuries;
  • A witness of a crime or someone who arrived at the scene of the crime immediately afterwards and has suffered a psychological injury;
  • A person who has paid funeral expenses of someone who passed away as a result of their injuries.
Are There Time Limits For Applying CICA Compensation?

If you were an adult at the time of the incident, you should apply within two years of the date of the incident. However, the time limit can be extended if there were exceptional circumstances which prevented you from applying earlier and the evidence to support the application means it can be determined without further extensive enquiries.

If you were a child under 18 years old at the time of the incident, the two-year time limit doesn’t apply. If the incident was reported to the police before the child turned 18, then the two-year limit would run from the date the child turned 18, i.e. they would have to make the claim before their 20th birthday.

The CICA will consider extending time limits where you can prove that you were unable to make the claim earlier, for example, if you had a psychological illness as a result of the incident. So it’s always best to check with the CICA first to see if it’s still possible to bring a claim, even if you’re outside of the applied time limit.

What Information Do You Need to Provide When Applying For CICA Compensation?

When applying for Criminal Injuries Compensation Authority (CICA) compensation, you will need to provide information about the crime, your injuries, and any other relevant information that supports your claim. Some of the key information you will need to provide includes:

  • Date, time, and location of the crime
  • Description of what happened & your injuries
  • Name of the police station where the crime was reported
  • Crime reference number & investigation officer name
  • GP’s name and address
  • Dentist’s name and address (if you had dental treatment because of your injuries)
  • Details of any previous applications you’ve made to CICA
  • Details of any unspent criminal convictions, if any
  • Proof of identity for you or anyone you’re responsible for, such as a birth or marriage certificate, power of attorney or deed poll
What Payments Are Available From The CICA Scheme?

Criminal Injuries Compensation Authority (CICA) scheme provides financial compensation to victims of violent crime in England, Scotland, and Wales. The types of payments available under the scheme include:

Compensation for Injuries: This includes payments for physical and psychological injuries sustained as a result of the crime, such as broken bones, scarring, sexual abuse, sexual assault, or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The amount of compensation awarded will depend on the severity and impact of the injuries.

Loss of Earnings: If you are unable to work as a result of your injuries, the CICA may provide compensation for lost earnings. This can include compensation for past and future lost earnings.

Special Expenses: If you have incurred expenses as a result of the crime, such as medical expenses or travel costs, the CICA may provide compensation to cover these expenses.

Bereavement Payment: If a family member has died as a result of a violent crime, the CICA may provide a bereavement payment to the deceased person’s spouse or parents. Where a claims officer is satisfied that more than one person may be eligible for a bereavement payment in respect of the deceased, the amount of the bereavement payment is £5,500. Otherwise, the amount of the bereavement payment is £11,000. You can additionally claim payments for loss of parental services and financial dependency; and funeral payments.

Funeral Payment: If a family member has died as a result of a violent crime, the CICA may provide a payment to cover the costs of the funeral.

Child’s Payment: A child’s payment may be made to a person who is a qualifying relative if that person was at the time of the death of the deceased under 18 years old and dependent on the deceased for parental services. The period to which a child’s payment will relate begins on the day of the death and ends on the day before the child’s 18th birthday.

Dependency Payment: A dependency payment may be made to a qualifying relative who at the time of the deceased’s death was financially or physically dependent on the deceased. A qualifying relative was physically dependent on the deceased if the deceased was their main carer. The period to which a dependency payment will relate begins on the day of the death.

What Happens if You Have More Than One Injury?

If you have suffered more than one injury as a result of a violent crime, we can include all of your injuries in your Criminal Injuries Compensation Authority (CICA) claim. The CICA considers all injuries when calculating the amount of compensation you may be eligible to receive.

In general, the CICA will assess the severity and impact of each of your injuries separately, and assign a specific award for each injury. The total amount of compensation you receive will be based on a formula and then sum of the individual awards for each injury.

It’s worth noting that the CICA uses a tariff-based system to determine the amount of compensation awarded for different types of injuries. The tariff sets out a range of compensation amounts for different injuries, based on their severity and impact.

In addition to compensation for physical injuries, the CICA may also provide compensation for certain psychological injuries, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or depression, that have resulted from the crime.

If you have suffered multiple injuries as a result of a violent crime, it’s important to provide the CICA with as much information as possible about the nature and impact of your injuries. If you have more than one injury then each, on its own, would qualify, you may be entitled to:

  • 100% of the full tariff value of the most serious injury; and
  • 30% of the tariff amount for the injury with an equal or second highest value; plus
  • 15% of the tariff amount for any additional injury with an equal or third highest value.

The Scheme does not allow us to pay for more than three injuries. However, there are additional tariff payments which you can receive (outside multiple injury formula), if these are suffered as a direct result of your injury or assault, you:

  • become pregnant;
  • lose a foetus; or
  • contract a sexually transmitted disease.
Can I Claim if I Witnessed a Violent Crime?

If you have witnessed a violent crime, you may be eligible to make a claim for compensation under the Criminal Injuries Compensation Authority (CICA) scheme, provided that you meet certain eligibility criteria.

To be eligible for a CICA claim as a witness, you must have been physically injured as a direct result of the crime, or have suffered a recognised psychiatric condition as a result of witnessing the crime. This could include conditions such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, or depression.

In addition to meeting the eligibility criteria, there are other factors that the CICA will take into consideration when assessing your claim, such as the severity of your injuries, the impact of the crime on your life, and any other relevant factors.

Criminal injuries are not just of a physical nature, they can also be psychological. Physical injury is more straightforward for example if you are beaten up, attacked, assaulted, or mugged and have been injured as a result of the criminal conduct of another party you have a right to seek compensation.

Psychological injury though can be more difficult to define. If you witnessed a violent crime, for instance, an armed robbery or someone being attacked, just because you weren’t physically injured doesn’t mean that’s the end of it. Because most of us are lucky enough not to come into contact with violent behaviour, often when we do it has a deep psychological impact.

If you have been witness to an act of violence you could find that you keep reliving the attack over and over. This can lead to a feeling of being afraid and not wanting to go out into public. Fear and panic set in and you become unable to live your life as you did before witnessing the attack. If you can relate to this then you should contact a personal injury solicitor to find out if you could be entitled to claim compensation.

There are two basic requirements for a successful compensation claim, these are that the victim must be the innocent party caught up in a criminal act and that this has led to them suffering the physical or psychological injury. Also, CICA need the mental injury should be diagnosed by a psychiatrist or psychologist. CICA won’t accept the diagnosis from any other medical professional.

Any compensation award will be determined by the type and extent of any injuries and any long-lasting effects it has had on your life. This includes any effect on your ability to earn a living.

How Soon Can I Get My Criminal Injury Compensation through CICA?

The timeframe for receiving criminal injury compensation from the Criminal Injuries Compensation Authority (CICA) can vary depending on a number of factors, including the complexity of your case, the evidence required to support your claim, and the workload of the CICA.

In general, the CICA aims to process claims within 6-8 months of receiving all the necessary information and evidence, but some cases can take longer depending on the type of claim you have, the information the criminal injuries compensation authority needs, and the level of compensation you are entitled to.

However, where there are delays in obtaining medical evidence or police information or any other report documentation it can take 11-12 months, and in very complex cases where there is a large loss of earnings, it can take more time. In those cases, we always seek an interim payment.

What You Should Do Once The Abuse or Assault Has Been Reported to The Police?

If you have reported abuse or assault to the police, and are considering making a claim under the Criminal Injuries Compensation Authority (CICA) scheme, there are several steps you can take.

It is essential that you cooperate with the police and help with the ongoing investigations in every possible way. This could include but not limited to make a formal statement and in some circumstances attending the court. In some cases, it can be extremely difficult to recall and talk about the abuse or assault but the more details you can provide will generally help your case and aid in making a criminal injuries compensation claim.

If you refuse to make a statement or withdraw your statement then criminal injuries compensation authority (CICA) are unlikely to award you any compensation, as they require that you are the blameless victim of the crime and you fully co-operated with the Police. If you do not fulfil these criteria then CICA usually refuses to compensate for any criminal injury even if you have been seriously assaulted.

Can I Make a CICA Compensation Claim if Nobody Has Been Convicted of The Crime?

If no one has been convicted of the crime, you can still make a claim to the CICA. The CICA does not require a criminal conviction as a condition of awarding compensation.

The conditions before you make a claim are that a crime must have taken place, you have suffered an injury as a result of a blameless act of violence and you have fully cooperated with the police, by reporting the incident and making a full statement.

In order to make a successful claim, you will need to provide evidence to support your claim. This could include a police report or a medical report. The CICA will assess your claim and make a decision based on the evidence provided.

It’s important to note that the CICA operates under a “no-fault” system, which means that they do not make a determination of guilt or innocence in regards to the crime. Instead, they focus solely on the impact of the crime on the victim.

Can I Make a Claim as an Adult if One Has Already Been Made When I Was a Child?

If a claim was made on your behalf when you were a child, you may not able to make a second claim for the same incident when you become an adult. The criminal injuries compensation scheme will not allow you to make a claim for the same incident two times. However, under some special circumstances, it may be possible to have a claim re-opened.

If your previous injury has worsened, or if you have suffered additional injuries as a result of the same incident, you may be eligible to receive additional compensation. You should provide the CICA with any relevant medical evidence and information regarding the impact of your injury on your life, as well as any expenses or losses you have incurred as a result of the injury.

For such cases, we need to establish the basis of the medical evidence the original decision was made. For instance, it may have been for the physical assault/abuse, but over the years the child now turned adult suffers repressed psychological symptoms which could not have been anticipated when the original award was made.

If a psychological report can be obtained that confirms the symptoms have occurred as a result of the original incident, and the symptoms are sufficiently serious to warrant additional compensation. It may be possible to reopen a CICA case where an award was originally made as a child.

Our experienced team of solicitors will be happy to discuss your case on an informal no-obligation basis. If we believe there is sufficient information to submit a further claim we will advise you and act for you on a no win no fee basis.

Who Decides How Much Criminal Injury Compensation I am Likely to Receive?

The amount of criminal injury compensation you are likely to receive is decided by the Criminal Injuries Compensation Authority (CICA). The CICA is an independent body established to provide compensation to victims of violent crime who have been injured in England, Scotland, or Wales.

The CICA has a set of guidelines and tariffs that they use to determine the amount of compensation that should be awarded in each case. The guidelines take into account various factors, such as the type and severity of the injury, any ongoing physical or psychological effects, and any loss of earnings or expenses incurred as a result of the injury.

Even when the perpetrator of the injuries is caught and found guilty a compensation claim is not made against the criminal as they would likely not have sufficient funds to cover it and would not be covered by any personal liability insurance. This responsibility falls on the CICA who evaluates the merits of any claim and award compensation accordingly.

For a case to be successful the CICA must determine whether or not you played a part in the criminal act and if it resulted in you suffering physical or psychological injuries. This could range from being witness to a criminal act that has a psychological effect on you right through to suffering a most serious physical attack. When considering injuries suffered the most obvious ones are often the physical ones such as cuts, bruises, scarring, or broken bones.

Often the psychological effects are long term and do not heal as readily as the physical injuries. Anxiety, stress, and even depression can result from being caught up in criminal acts and do not always surface immediately after the incident. These can reveal themselves months or even years later and can have long term effects.

The CICA only compensates for injuries that according to their tariffs are worth over £1,000. The most serious injury awards go up to £500,000. You are able to claim for more than one injury, getting the full value for the most serious injury with subsequent injuries receiving a reduction according to the CICA rules. Usually, the three most serious injuries will be compensated but there are some incidents that fall outside this rule.

You may also be compensated for the loss of earnings, medical expenses, and some other costs that occurred as a result of the injuries.

There are many factors that can determine any compensation award like the type of injury, the severity of the injury, and any long term effects it has on your life. We offer a no win no fee service to give advice and help guide you through the process of making a claim whilst ensuring maximum recompense.