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Historic Abuse Claims: Make Historical Sexual Abuse Compensation Claim

Historic Abuse Claims: Making Sexual Abuse Compensation Claim

Historical abuse claims, also referred to as historic abuse claims or historical abuse victim compensation, relate to situations where individuals have suffered abuse—often sexual or physical for many years or even decades before making a claim. In the UK, historic sexual abuse claim and historic child abuse claim cases have become increasingly recognised by the legal system, acknowledging the long-lasting and profound effects on survivors. Victims of such abuse often carry the burden of guilt or self-blame, but it’s essential to understand that abuse is never the fault of the victim.

The impact of historical abuse is often severe and lifelong. Victims of historical sexual abuse or historic child abuse may suffer from psychological trauma, anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), substance misuse, relationship difficulties, and other long-term health problems. Whether you’ve recently come to terms with past abuse or have carried the burden for years, it’s important to recognise that support is available. Abuse can manifest as a singular event or occur repeatedly over time (period of abuse), regardless of how long ago it happened or the circumstances surrounding it.

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Seeking Support and Justice, Overview of Legal Avenues for Historical Abuse Victims

Victims of historical abuse in the UK—whether survivors of historic sexual abuse, historic child abuse, or other forms of violent crime—have a number of important legal options available to pursue both justice and financial compensation. These legal avenues are designed to recognise the unique challenges faced by those bringing a historical abuse claim, and to provide support and remedies even where the abuse occurred many years or decades ago. Seeking justice and compensation for historical abuse is often an essential step in a survivor’s recovery, helping to acknowledge the wrongdoing, hold perpetrators or responsible institutions to account, and provide practical resources for moving forward. Today, the UK legal system offers multiple pathways for historical abuse victims to seek redress. The most common and effective routes include:

CICA Historical Abuse Claim: The Criminal Injuries Compensation Authority (CICA) provides a dedicated scheme for survivors of violent crime, including historic sexual abuse and historic child abuse. CICA compensation historical abuse claims do not require a criminal conviction and are accessible to victims regardless of when the abuse took place, subject to specific eligibility criteria.

Civil Claims Against Abusers or Institutions: Survivors may bring a civil claim for historical sexual abuse compensation or historic child abuse compensation against individuals or organisations responsible for their abuse. Civil claims are handled by specialist sexual abuse solicitors and historic abuse solicitors who help victims pursue damages for pain, suffering, and financial loss.

Criminal Prosecution: Reporting abuse to the police can lead to a criminal investigation and prosecution of the perpetrator. While criminal proceedings focus on holding offenders accountable, successful prosecutions can also support subsequent historical abuse victim compensation claims through CICA or civil courts.

It is important for victims to seek guidance from CICA solicitors historical abuse specialists or historical child abuse solicitors to determine the most appropriate course of action based on their circumstances. With the support of experienced legal professionals, survivors can access the compensation and justice they deserve for the harm caused by historical abuse.

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Understanding Historic Sexual Abuse Claims and Examples of Historical Abuse Claims

Historic sexual abuse claims refer specifically to claims arising from sexual abuse that occurred in the past, often when the survivor was a child or vulnerable person. Historic sexual abuse claim cases are some of the most common types of historical abuse claims in the UK. The law recognises that victims of sexual abuse may need many years before they feel able to come forward, and the CICA compensation historical abuse scheme allows survivors to seek justice and compensation for the harm suffered, regardless of when the abuse occurred. Some examples of historical abuse claims include:

  • A survivor of childhood sexual abuse making a CICA historical abuse claim for compensation as an adult. For example, an individual who experienced abuse in their youth but only felt able to report and pursue compensation through the CICA scheme years later.
  • A former pupil bringing a historic sexual abuse claim against a teacher or school staff member for abuse suffered years earlier. This can include cases where several victims come forward about the same abuser, or where new evidence enables a claim decades after the incidents took place, often supported by historical child abuse solicitors or sexual abuse solicitors.
  • An adult survivor seeking historical sexual abuse compensation from a religious institution or care home. Many historical abuse victim compensation claims arise from cases involving churches, children’s homes, or other institutions where staff or leaders held positions of trust and authority. Civil claims and CICA compensation historical abuse claims both apply in these situations, even where the abuse is uncovered years later.
  • A historic child abuse claim brought against a family member or trusted adult for abuse suffered in the home. These cases are especially sensitive, as survivors may have feared family breakdown or been manipulated into silence for many years. CICA historic child abuse claims and historic abuse compensation UK claims can provide recognition and financial support for survivors, even if no criminal prosecution was possible.

In all these cases, the key feature is that the abuse happened in the past, and the victim is now coming forward—sometimes decades later—to pursue a historical abuse victim compensation claim.

How CICA Compensation for Historical Abuse Claims Works?

CICA compensation for historical abuse provides financial redress to survivors of historic sexual abuse, historic child abuse, and other violent crime historic abuse. The Criminal Injuries Compensation Authority (CICA) scheme recognises the unique challenges of reporting historical abuse and allows claims to be made even if the abuse occurred decades ago. Historical abuse victim compensation through CICA is not dependent on a criminal conviction—what matters is that the incident was reported to the police and there is sufficient evidence of injury resulting from the abuse.

When a CICA historical abuse claim is submitted, the authority assesses the physical and psychological harm caused, the duration of the abuse, and the lasting impact on the survivor’s life. CICA compensation historical abuse awards cover a range of injuries and can also include loss of earnings or special expenses incurred as a result of the abuse. Historic abuse solicitors and CICA solicitors historical abuse specialists can help maximize compensation by ensuring all aspects of the claim are thoroughly documented and supported by medical or psychological evidence.

Historic abuse claims solicitors and CICA historical abuse specialists can help maximize compensation by ensuring all aspects of the claim are thoroughly documented and supported by medical or psychological evidence, witness statements, and clear records of the abuse’s effects. Their expertise helps ensure survivors receive the full amount of CICA compensation to which they are entitled.

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Understanding the Long-Term Effects of Historical Sexual Abuse

Childhood sexual abuse, even if it occurred many years ago, can have profound and long-lasting effects on an individual’s life. These repercussions often extend far beyond the initial trauma, influencing many aspects of a survivor’s health, relationships, and overall well-being.

The impact of abuse can endure across a lifetime, affecting both physical and mental health, disrupting personal relationships, and impeding personal growth. Survivors may struggle to manage everyday stresses, face difficulties in their careers, and encounter challenges in fulfilling parental responsibilities. Many victims also grapple with mental health issues and substance abuse problems, including alcohol and drug dependency.

The long-term effects of historical sexual abuse and neglect can manifest in various forms, such as:

  • Emotional struggles: Feelings of anger, anxiety, sadness, or diminished self-worth.
  • Mental health conditions: Disorders like depression, eating disorders, self-harm, and suicidal thoughts.
  • Substance abuse: Dependency on drugs or alcohol as a means of coping.
  • Persistent intrusive thoughts: Ongoing, disturbing memories, emotions, or flashbacks related to the abuse.
  • Physical health decline: Chronic health problems resulting from the cumulative impact of trauma.
  • Parenting and relationship difficulties: Struggles with parenting and maintaining healthy, stable relationships.

These long-term consequences can significantly affect a survivor’s ability to lead a fulfilling and healthy life. It’s crucial to understand that these effects are not signs of weakness but rather a natural response to deeply traumatic experiences.

Reporting Historical Sexual Abuse: Taking Control of Your Story

It’s completely normal to feel uncertain or anxious about reporting historical sexual abuse, and it’s understandable to worry about what might happen next. The process can feel daunting, and many survivors have mixed emotions, including fear, shame, or concern about not being believed. However, it’s important to know that it is never too late to speak up about abuse you have experienced—even if it happened many years or decades ago. The decision to report is always yours, and no one should ever pressure you into taking action before you feel ready.

Why Some Survivors Choose to Report: Every survivor’s circumstance and reason for reporting are unique. Some individuals decide to come forward to help prevent the perpetrator from harming others in the future. Others seek justice, accountability, or closure, hoping that taking this step will support their own healing journey. For some, reporting historical sexual abuse is a way to reclaim their voice and take back control after years of silence.

Reporting and the CICA Claims Process: If you are considering making a historical abuse claim with the Criminal Injuries Compensation Authority (CICA), it’s a requirement to report the abuse to the police and obtain a crime reference number. This step can feel intimidating, but it is an important part of accessing CICA compensation for historical abuse. You do not need to have a criminal conviction or successful prosecution for your claim to be considered—reporting and providing evidence of the abuse is what matters.

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How to Report Historical Sexual Abuse: You have the right to report historical abuse at any time, no matter how much time has passed since the incidents occurred. The police are trained to handle these cases with sensitivity and respect. If you choose to report, you can begin by calling the non-emergency police number 101. When you call, you’ll have the opportunity to briefly outline your situation, and you will be put in touch with officers who specialise in supporting survivors of sexual abuse.

What to Expect After Reporting: After you report, the police will take your statement and may ask for any evidence you have, such as diaries, letters, or medical records. They will handle your case confidentially and with care. You are in control throughout the process; you can choose how much information you want to share and you can decide at any stage if you wish to continue.

No matter the outcome of a criminal investigation, your report is taken seriously and can still be used as evidence in a CICA claim for historical sexual abuse compensation. Even if there isn’t enough evidence for a prosecution, the act of reporting can be an empowering and validating step in your recovery.

Remember: You Are Not Alone: Many survivors find it helpful to speak to a support organisation or solicitor before reporting, to talk through their options and receive guidance tailored to their situation. Remember, you are not alone—there are people and services ready to support you whenever you choose to take this step. Reporting historical sexual abuse is a courageous act, and every survivor deserves to be heard and supported throughout the process.

How much can the CICA award for sexual assault and sexual abuse claims?

Our sexual abuse calculator will help you with estimating the potential compensation that may be paid in respect of your sexual abuse claim. However, be aware that figures do vary considerably depending upon the nature (severity) of the abuse, period of suffering and whether any mental harm has been caused.

If you suffer from mental illness you can only claim for this element if you have a condition diagnosed by a psychiatrist or clinical psychologist. CICA applies this evidential standard strictly. Some common example award payouts are listed below relevant to sexual assault and sexual abuse claims:

These figures are taken from the tariff of injuries at Annex E of the Criminal Injuries Compensation Scheme 2012. They are a guide only — the award in your case depends on CICA’s findings about the nature and severity of your injuries.

Description Award
Sexual assault
minor - non-penetrative sexual physical act(s) over clothing £1,000
minor - non-penetrative frequent sexual physical act(s) over clothing £1,500
serious - non-penetrative sexual physical act(s) under clothing £2,000
serious - pattern of repetitive non-penetrative sexual physical acts under clothing £3,300
Sexual assault – one or more of non-penile penetrative or oral genital act(s)
one incident £3,300
two or more isolated incidents £4,400
pattern of repetitive, frequent incidents – over a period up to 3 years £6,600
over a period of 3 years or more £8,200
resulting in serious internal bodily injuries £22,000
resulting in permanently disabling mental illness confirmed by psychiatric prognosis – moderate mental illness £22,000
severe mental illness £27,000
Non-consensual penile penetration of one or more of vagina, anus or mouth
one incident £11,000
one incident involving two or more attackers £13,500
repeated incidents over a period – up to 3 years £16,500
3 years or more £22,000
resulting in serious internal bodily injuries £22,000
resulting in permanently disabling mental illness confirmed by psychiatric prognosis – moderate mental illness £22,000
severe mental illness £27,000
resulting in serious internal bodily injury with permanent disabling mental illness confirmed by psychiatric prognosis – moderate mental illness £33,000
severe mental illness £44,000
Other payments
Where a person has sustained any of the following as a direct result of their being the victim of a sexual offence, an additional payment will be made. These payments will not be subject to the multiple injury formula at paragraph 37 of this Scheme.
Pregnancy £5,500
Sexually transmitted infection other than HIV, Hepatitis B or Hepatitis C – substantial recovery £5,500
Sexually transmitted infection other than HIV, Hepatitis B or Hepatitis C – permanent disability £11,000
Infection with one or more of HIV, Hepatitis B or Hepatitis C (sustained as a result of any crime of violence). This payment is not subject to the multiple injury formula. £22,000
Loss of foetus (sustained as a result of any crime of violence). This payment is not subject to the multiple injury formula. £5,500

You can only receive one main award, so you will not be compensated for both the abuse itself and also any mental health condition. You receive the higher award from the two categories.

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) for Historical Abuse Claims

What qualifies as a historic abuse claim under the CICA Scheme?

A historic abuse claim is a type of compensation application made to the Criminal Injuries Compensation Authority (CICA) for abuse suffered in the past, sometimes many years or even decades ago. This can include incidents from childhood or adulthood, provided the abuse took place in England, Scotland, or Wales and was reported to the police at any time. Historic abuse claims are unique because victims often do not come forward until years after the abuse due to trauma, fear, stigma, or not understanding their rights. The CICA recognises that many survivors do not report abuse immediately, and the scheme is specifically designed to allow for applications regarding non-recent events.

Historic abuse under the CICA can involve a single incident or a pattern of abuse that took place over an extended period, sometimes involving multiple perpetrators or repeated offences. The scheme has special rules for assessing patterns of abuse, and compensation is generally awarded based on the most serious incident or the overall impact of repeated acts, not for every individual episode. This ensures survivors are fairly compensated for the full extent of the abuse, including physical and psychological injuries sustained over time. Importantly, applicants do not need to have a criminal conviction secured against the perpetrator to qualify, but there must be sufficient evidence (such as a police report and/or medical records) to support the claim on the balance of probabilities.

Who can make a historic abuse claim?

Anyone who has experienced sexual or physical abuse in the past—whether as a child or an adult—may be eligible to submit a historic abuse claim to the CICA. This includes victims of single incidents or, more commonly, those subjected to repeated or ongoing abuse (sometimes described as a “pattern of abuse”). Claims can be made for abuse occurring in family homes, schools, religious organisations, care settings, or any other environment. If the abuse happened while the victim was a minor, or if the victim is unable to manage their own affairs due to mental incapacity, a parent, guardian, or other appointed representative can make the claim on their behalf.

Additionally, claims can sometimes be made posthumously by a close family member or representative if the victim has died (provided the death is linked to the abuse or the right to claim has been inherited). Importantly, applicants must be able to demonstrate that the abuse occurred in England, Scotland, or Wales and that it was reported to the police, even if years later. The CICA scheme is open to both men and women, regardless of age, background, or nationality, as long as the abuse occurred within the UK’s jurisdiction.

Is there a time limit for making a historic abuse claim?

The CICA Scheme sets a standard two-year time limit from the date the abuse was first reported to the police for submitting a claim. However, the scheme recognises that in historic abuse cases, victims may not feel able to come forward or disclose the abuse for many years. As a result, the CICA often makes exceptions to this rule for non-recent abuse, especially where there are compelling reasons for the delay—such as the ongoing psychological effects of trauma, fear of not being believed, or being unaware that compensation was possible. The key is to report the abuse to the police as soon as possible, as the two-year limit typically starts from the date of the police report, not the date the abuse occurred.

If you are applying outside the standard time limit, you must provide a detailed explanation for the delay and show that exceptional circumstances prevented you from applying sooner. The CICA will consider the reasons for delay sympathetically, particularly in cases involving children, vulnerable adults, or those suffering long-term psychological impact. It is important to seek specialist legal advice or support if you are worried about time limits, as a well-prepared application with evidence of your ongoing trauma or barriers to disclosure can help secure an extension and allow your claim to proceed.

What is the process for reporting historic abuse to the police?

To be eligible for CICA compensation, it is essential that the abuse is reported to the police, regardless of how much time has passed since the incident(s). The process of reporting historic abuse involves contacting your local police force or a specialist unit dedicated to investigating sexual or physical abuse. Victims can also reach out to national or regional helplines, which can provide guidance and support throughout the reporting process. The police will arrange for a specially trained officer to take your statement, ensuring your experience is handled with sensitivity and respect.

Once a report is made, the police will open an investigation, which may include interviewing other potential victims or witnesses, collecting evidence, and referring you to appropriate support services such as victim support or counselling. It is important to understand that reporting abuse does not guarantee that the perpetrator will be prosecuted or convicted, as this depends on the available evidence. However, CICA claims do not require a criminal conviction to succeed. What is essential is that the abuse is formally reported to the police and that you cooperate with the investigation as much as possible, as failure to do so can affect the outcome of your compensation claim. Reporting is a crucial first step, both for your claim and for accessing wider support and justice.

What compensation is available for historic sexual abuse?

The CICA provides compensation through a structured tariff system, which sets out fixed amounts for different types and severities of abuse. Historic sexual abuse claims are assessed based on the specifics of what occurred—such as whether the abuse was non-penetrative or penetrative, the frequency of incidents, whether there was a pattern of repetitive abuse, and the resulting physical or psychological harm. The current CICA tariff offers awards ranging from £1,000 for minor non-penetrative sexual acts over clothing, up to £44,000 for the most severe cases, such as those resulting in permanently disabling mental illness following abuse.

For example, non-penetrative acts over clothing (such as inappropriate touching) are usually compensated at £1,000, while more serious non-penetrative acts under clothing attract higher awards (£2,000 or more). Penetrative acts, including non-consensual penile penetration or oral-genital contact, are compensated at much higher levels, especially if repeated over a period (up to £22,000 for incidents spanning three years or more). If the abuse caused serious internal bodily injuries or a diagnosed, permanently disabling mental illness (confirmed by a psychiatrist), awards can reach £44,000. Additional payments are also available if the abuse resulted in pregnancy, loss of a foetus, or transmission of sexually transmitted infections, including HIV or Hepatitis. The compensation is designed to reflect both the immediate harm and the long-term impact of the abuse on the survivor’s life, recognising both physical and mental suffering.

How is a pattern of abuse assessed?

The CICA has specific guidelines for assessing cases involving a pattern of abuse, which is very common in historic claims. Rather than paying for each individual incident, the scheme considers the overall impact of repeated abuse over time. The CICA examines all circumstances, including the number of assailants, the nature of the injuries, the frequency and duration of the incidents, and whether the abuse was carried out by one person or multiple perpetrators.

Payments are generally based on the most serious incident or the cumulative effect of the pattern of abuse. For example, if someone suffered a pattern of severe abuse by one or more attackers over three years or more, they may receive a higher award (£8,200 or more) than for a single isolated incident. However, if a specific single incident within the pattern would result in a higher payment (e.g., causing permanent disabling mental illness or serious internal injuries), the CICA may award the higher amount instead of the pattern-based award. This approach ensures that the full gravity of long-term or repeated abuse is recognised, and the survivor receives appropriate compensation for their suffering and its lasting effects.

What if there were multiple attackers or repeated incidents?

In cases where abuse was committed by two or more attackers, or involved multiple repeated incidents, the CICA awards higher compensation to reflect the increased harm and trauma experienced by the victim. The tariff system includes higher payments for non-consensual acts carried out by multiple perpetrators or for patterns of repetitive abuse lasting several years. For example, non-consensual penile penetration by two or more attackers can be compensated at £13,500, and a pattern of such abuse lasting over three years can be awarded up to £22,000 or more.

The CICA will carefully examine the evidence to determine whether there was a pattern of abuse and the level of harm caused. The more prolonged, severe, or organised the abuse (for instance, if it took place in an institutional setting), the higher the likely award. Survivors should provide as much detail as possible about each incident, the identity and number of perpetrators (if known), and the frequency and duration of the abuse, as this information will be central to calculating the correct level of compensation. The scheme is designed to ensure justice and recognition for those who have suffered the most extreme forms of abuse and exploitation.

Are children treated differently under the tariff for historic sexual abuse?

Yes, the CICA Scheme includes special tariff provisions for abuse suffered by children (defined as anyone under 18 at the time of the offence) or for adults who are incapable of giving consent due to mental incapacity. Recognising the unique vulnerability and long-term consequences for children, the tariff provides compensation at every level, from minor non-penetrative sexual acts to severe, repeated penetrative abuse with lasting physical or psychological harm.

For example, compensation starts at £1,000 for minor non-penetrative acts over clothing, rising to £1,500 for frequent acts, £2,000 for more serious under-clothing contact, and higher amounts for repeated or penetrative abuse. If the abuse was frequent, repeated, or resulted in serious injury or lasting mental illness, awards can reach £44,000 for the most severe cases. The CICA also considers the impact on the child’s development, future wellbeing, and mental health when determining the appropriate award. Representatives such as parents or guardians can apply on behalf of the child, and claims can often be made years after the events, as the two-year time limit may be relaxed to ensure the child’s interests are fully protected.

What if the abuse resulted in pregnancy or a sexually transmitted infection?

If the abuse led to pregnancy, the loss of a foetus, or the transmission of a sexually transmitted infection (STI), including HIV, Hepatitis B, or Hepatitis C, the CICA provides additional compensation beyond the standard tariff for sexual or physical abuse. These awards are not subject to the usual multiple injury formula, so they are paid in addition to the primary award for the abuse itself.

For example, a pregnancy resulting from abuse or the loss of a foetus may attract an additional payment of £5,500. If the survivor contracted an STI (other than HIV, Hepatitis B or C), and there was substantial recovery, an award of £5,500 may be made, while permanent disability as a result of an STI can attract £11,000. In cases of infection with HIV, Hepatitis B or C as a direct result of the abuse, the award is £22,000, reflecting the serious, life-altering consequences of these conditions. These additional payments recognise the physical, emotional, and social impact of these outcomes, acknowledging the extra harm and distress they cause to survivors.

What evidence is needed for a historic abuse claim?

The CICA does not require a criminal conviction to make a payment, but it must be satisfied that the abuse occurred on the “balance of probabilities.” This means there needs to be enough evidence to show it is more likely than not that the abuse took place. Evidence commonly used in historic abuse claims includes police reports and statements, witness testimony, medical or psychiatric records showing injuries or psychological impact, and any other documentation that supports the survivor’s account.

Even if memories are unclear or some details are lost due to the passage of time, the CICA can still award compensation if there is a consistent, credible account and supporting evidence from independent sources. Additional documents, such as letters, diaries, reports from support agencies, or records of hospital visits, can all help to corroborate the survivor’s experience. In some cases, statements from friends, family, or professionals who were aware of the abuse or its effects can also be valuable. Engaging with a solicitor or support service can be particularly useful in gathering and presenting evidence, making the claim as strong as possible.

Can I claim for psychological injuries or mental illness caused by abuse?

Absolutely. The CICA recognises that sexual and physical abuse can have profound, lasting psychological effects, sometimes far exceeding the physical injuries. If the abuse resulted in a diagnosed mental illness—such as depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), or other psychiatric conditions—confirmed by a qualified psychiatrist or clinical psychologist, compensation can be awarded for moderate or severe, permanently disabling mental illness.

Awards for psychological injury start at £22,000 for moderate, permanently disabling mental illness and rise to £44,000 for severe, permanently disabling mental illness. If there are additional physical injuries or other outcomes (such as pregnancy or STIs), these can increase the overall compensation amount. To support a claim for psychological injury, medical evidence such as psychiatric or psychological reports, GP notes, or records from mental health professionals should be submitted. The CICA will consider both the immediate and long-term impact on the survivor’s daily life, relationships, and ability to work or function. Survivors are encouraged to seek medical support and formal diagnosis if they have not already done so, as this can make a significant difference in the outcome of the claim.

What if the perpetrator was never prosecuted or convicted?

It is not necessary for the perpetrator of the abuse to be prosecuted, convicted, or even identified for you to claim compensation from the CICA. The crucial requirement is that you reported the abuse to the police and provided as much information and cooperation as possible. The CICA bases its decisions on the “balance of probabilities” rather than the higher standard of proof required for criminal conviction (beyond reasonable doubt). This means that if the CICA is satisfied that it is more likely than not that the abuse occurred, based on the evidence submitted, your claim can succeed even without a criminal trial or conviction.

It is important to provide a clear, consistent account of what happened and to cooperate with any police or CICA inquiries. The lack of a prosecution or conviction does not bar compensation; what matters is the strength and credibility of your evidence. If you have concerns about your case or need assistance, specialist solicitors or abuse support organisations can provide guidance, help you prepare your statement, and gather supporting evidence, increasing the chances of a successful claim.

Can I claim if the abuse happened outside the UK?

While the CICA generally only considers claims for abuse that occurred within the UK (England, Scotland, or Wales), if the abuse happened outside of the UK, you may still be able to claim compensation under alternative routes. The CICA Scheme only applies to incidents within the jurisdiction of England, Wales, and Scotland. However, if you are a UK resident and the abuse occurred abroad, you might have options for compensation through civil claims or international human rights mechanisms. It’s also possible to pursue claims through other organisations, particularly if the abuse occurred in institutions with UK links or while you were in the care of UK-based agencies or representatives. If your case does not fall under CICA, a legal representative can help you explore these avenues, potentially identifying compensation schemes in the jurisdiction where the abuse occurred.

What happens if I delayed reporting the abuse?

If you delayed reporting the abuse, it may not automatically disqualify you from receiving compensation through the CICA Scheme, but it will require an explanation and justification for the delay. The CICA is generally open to claims that are made after the usual two-year time limit, especially in cases of historic abuse, as the psychological impact of abuse can often delay victims from reporting. Victims may have been unable to come forward earlier due to feelings of fear, shame, trauma, or lack of awareness of their legal rights. If there is a valid reason for the delay, such as the survivor’s ongoing psychological trauma, repression of memories, or fear of not being believed, the CICA may still accept the claim. It is important to provide a detailed explanation of the reasons for the delay and submit supporting evidence that demonstrates the barriers to earlier reporting, such as medical or psychiatric records, which confirm that the victim was mentally affected by the abuse and unable to report it sooner.

Are there different tariffs for physical versus sexual abuse?

Yes, the CICA compensates physical and sexual abuse separately, using different tariffs for each category. Sexual abuse claims are assessed based on factors like whether the abuse was non-penetrative or penetrative, the frequency and severity of the abuse, whether the abuse was part of a repetitive pattern, and the long-term psychological and physical impact on the victim. For example, a non-penetrative sexual act over clothing can attract £1,000, while penetrative abuse or abuse resulting in permanent mental illness can be compensated at much higher levels, up to £44,000 for the most severe cases.

On the other hand, physical abuse claims are assessed according to the nature and extent of the injuries sustained, the impact on the victim’s physical health, and the long-term consequences. A case of broken bones may receive a lower award compared to the more severe injuries, such as fractures resulting in permanent disability. It is important for survivors to provide all the necessary medical documentation to support both physical and mental injuries so that the full extent of the harm is recognised and appropriately compensated. In cases where both physical and sexual abuse occurred together, the CICA will typically calculate compensation based on the most severe injury but may make additional payments for each type of abuse.

How does CICA handle claims involving mental incapacity or children?

For victims who are children (under 18) at the time of the abuse, or for adults who are incapable of giving consent due to mental incapacity, the CICA has specific tariffs that recognise the additional vulnerability and the profound impact that abuse can have on these individuals. Children are treated as especially vulnerable, and compensation awards are tailored to reflect this. In the case of abuse suffered by a child, the tariff begins at £1,000 for minor non-penetrative acts, rising to much higher amounts depending on the severity, duration, and psychological consequences of the abuse.

For adults who lack the capacity to give consent due to mental incapacity, the same tariffs are applied, but the claim can be made by a parent, guardian, or legal representative. The CICA acknowledges that individuals with mental incapacity may have difficulty reporting abuse, and as such, applications can be made on their behalf. It is crucial to provide medical evidence confirming the individual’s incapacity to consent, such as psychiatric or psychological assessments. In cases where the abuse results in lasting harm, such as mental illness or permanent disability, the CICA may award higher compensation based on the severity of the impact.

Can I claim for multiple incidents of abuse by different offenders?

Yes, it is possible to claim compensation for multiple incidents of abuse, particularly when the abuse involves different offenders. The CICA will consider each claim on a case-by-case basis, reviewing the specifics of the incidents, including the number of assailants, the severity of the abuse, and the overall impact on the victim’s life. If there were several distinct instances of abuse that occurred at different times or were committed by different individuals, each incident may be treated as a separate claim. The key is to provide clear evidence for each event and establish that the incidents were separate and did not form part of a single, continuous pattern of abuse. Survivors should provide as much detail as possible, including dates, locations, and identities (if known) of the perpetrators, so that each incident can be properly assessed and compensated.

What support is available for survivors during the claims process?

Survivors of historic abuse can access a wide range of support services while going through the CICA claims process. These services can include emotional and psychological support, legal assistance, and practical help. Many charities and organisations offer free or low-cost counselling, advocacy, and victim support, which can help survivors understand their rights, gather necessary evidence, and manage the emotional toll of the claims process. Survivors can also access specialised legal advice from solicitors who have experience in handling historic abuse cases, ensuring that the claim is handled with sensitivity and that all documentation is submitted correctly.

In addition, the CICA has an established process for supporting claimants throughout the application. This can include providing dedicated case officers who are sensitive to the trauma survivors have experienced. Some solicitors may offer a no-win, no-fee arrangement for victims of historic abuse, meaning that survivors do not need to pay upfront costs, which makes access to legal representation more affordable.

Will my claim be kept confidential?

Yes, confidentiality is a key part of the CICA claims process. All information submitted in a claim, including personal details, evidence, and statements, is kept confidential. The CICA and any solicitors or support organisations involved in the claim are required by law to protect your privacy. Only relevant information will be shared with necessary third parties, such as the police or medical professionals, to gather the evidence required for the claim. The aim is to ensure that survivors feel safe and that their personal details are not disclosed without their consent. Survivors can ask for further clarification if they have concerns about how their information will be handled.

How long does a historic abuse claim take to process?

The time it takes to process a historic abuse claim can vary depending on the complexity of the case and the availability of supporting evidence. On average, a claim may take anywhere from 12 months to 18 months to process, though more complex cases, particularly those involving multiple perpetrators or severe injuries, may take longer. Survivors are encouraged to provide as much evidence as possible upfront to avoid delays. In some cases, the CICA may need additional information from police, medical professionals, or other sources to assess the claim properly. Working with a solicitor or support organisation can help expedite the process by ensuring that all documentation is submitted correctly and promptly.

Can I appeal if my historic abuse claim is rejected or the award is too low?

Yes, if your CICA claim is rejected, or if you believe the award offered is too low, you have the right to appeal. The CICA has a formal review process for rejected claims, which allows survivors to submit additional evidence or clarifications to support their case. The first step is to request a review of the decision, which can involve providing new information, addressing any misunderstandings, or further explaining the impact of the abuse. If the review still results in an unsatisfactory outcome, an independent tribunal may be requested. Legal representation can be especially helpful in preparing for and managing the appeals process, ensuring that your case is heard fairly.

What costs can be covered in a historic abuse claim?

The CICA compensates for the injuries sustained as a result of abuse, including both physical and psychological harm. In addition to compensation for the abuse itself, the CICA may also cover other associated costs, such as medical treatment, psychological therapy, rehabilitation, or lost earnings due to the impact of the abuse. However, the CICA is not designed to cover all financial losses. The scheme does not compensate for costs related to general living expenses, or for indirect financial losses unless they directly result from the abuse, such as the cost of medical treatment related to the abuse. Survivors should provide documentation of any relevant costs when submitting their claim to ensure these are taken into account.

Can I still claim if I have a criminal record?

Having a criminal record does not automatically prevent you from making a CICA claim for historic abuse. However, if you have unspent criminal convictions, particularly for serious crimes, the CICA may review your eligibility. It is important to disclose your criminal record when applying, as the CICA will assess whether any criminal convictions may affect the outcome of your claim. The CICA does not bar claims solely based on the existence of a criminal record, but applicants must be transparent about their history. If you are unsure about how your criminal record may affect your claim, seeking legal advice is recommended.

Is there a fee for making a CICA claim for historic abuse?

There is no fee for making a CICA claim directly, as the scheme is a government-funded process. However, if you choose to work with a solicitor or claims management company, they may charge a fee or a percentage of any compensation awarded. It is important to fully understand the costs involved before engaging a solicitor or claims management company, particularly regarding any success fees or terms of service. Many solicitors working with CICA claims offer a “no win, no fee” arrangement, meaning that if the claim is unsuccessful, there is no charge.

How can I maximise my chances of a successful historic abuse claim?

To maximise your chances of a successful historic abuse claim, it is crucial to report the abuse to the police as soon as possible, even if many years have passed. Ensure that you provide as much evidence as possible to support your claim, including medical records, witness statements, police reports, and any relevant documents. Be honest and clear in your statements, and consider seeking support from a solicitor or abuse support organisation. A well-prepared claim that includes detailed, consistent evidence will strengthen your case and help ensure that you receive the compensation you deserve. Keeping a record of the abuse’s ongoing impact on your life—whether psychological, physical, or financial—can also be beneficial when submitting your claim.
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Are You Eligible to Make a Historical Abuse Compensation Claim with CICA?

If you are considering applying for compensation for historical abuse through the Criminal Injuries Compensation Authority (CICA), it is important to understand the eligibility requirements. The CICA has established specific criteria to ensure that compensation is awarded to those who have genuinely suffered as a result of a violent crime, including historic sexual abuse or historic child abuse.

Key Eligibility Criteria

To be eligible for a historical abuse compensation claim with CICA, you must generally meet the following conditions:

The Abuse Must Be Reported to the Police: You must have reported the incident of historical abuse to the police. When making your claim, you will need to provide a police crime reference number. Reporting is a crucial part of the process, even if the abuse happened many years ago, as it allows the authorities to formally record your experience and begin any investigation.

Cooperation with the Police Investigation: The police must be able to investigate your report of abuse thoroughly, and you are expected to fully cooperate with their inquiries. This may involve giving a detailed statement and providing any evidence you have. Cooperation demonstrates your commitment to seeking justice and enables the police to gather all relevant information regarding your case.

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Application Timing – The Two-Year Rule: You are required to submit your claim to CICA within two years of reporting the abuse to the police. This time frame is designed to encourage timely claims, ensuring that evidence and memories are as clear as possible.

Exceptions to the Time Limit: CICA recognises that many survivors of historical abuse, particularly those who suffered as children, may not be able to come forward within this time limit. If you have a valid reason for the delay—such as significant mental health challenges, psychological trauma, or other exceptional circumstances—CICA may accept claims made outside the usual two-year window. You will need to provide a clear explanation and, where possible, supporting documentation for why your claim was delayed.

Location of the Incident: The abuse must have occurred in England, Scotland, or Wales, or you must be a British national if the crime took place abroad.

Criminal Conviction Not Required: A criminal conviction of the perpetrator is not necessary for your CICA historical abuse claim to succeed. What matters most is that you have reported the abuse to the police and can provide evidence of the harm you suffered.

Age at the Time of Reporting: If you were a child at the time of the abuse, the two-year deadline may begin from your 18th birthday if you did not report the incident as a minor.

Getting Help with Eligibility

If you are unsure whether you meet the eligibility criteria, it can be very helpful to speak with historic abuse solicitors or CICA solicitors specialising in historical abuse claims. These professionals can review your situation, help you gather the necessary documentation, and provide guidance on how to present your case to maximize your chances of a successful claim.

Remember, the process is designed to support survivors. If you believe you may be eligible, it is worth seeking advice and exploring your options—many people are surprised to learn they can still make a claim, even years after the abuse occurred.

The Role of Sexual Abuse Solicitors in Historical Claims

Sexual abuse solicitors and historic abuse solicitors play a crucial role in helping survivors of historical abuse navigate the often complex and emotionally challenging process of seeking justice and compensation. These legal professionals specialise in supporting clients who are making a historical abuse claim, a CICA historical abuse claim, or pursuing historic sex abuse compensation through civil courts. Their expertise ensures that every aspect of your claim is handled with care, professionalism, and sensitivity to the trauma you may have experienced.

Solicitors experienced in historical sexual abuse compensation and historic child abuse claim cases provide a range of vital services, including:

  • Advising on eligibility for CICA compensation historical abuse and explaining the different routes available for making a claim.
  • Assisting with the preparation and submission of your claim to the CICA or through civil courts, making sure all required evidence is included.
  • Supporting you through police reporting and helping you gather the documentation needed to prove your case, such as medical records, witness statements, and psychological assessments.
  • Communicating with CICA solicitors historical abuse teams and defending your rights throughout the process, especially if your claim faces challenges or delays.

Above all, historic abuse solicitors understand the sensitive nature of these claims and provide emotional support, guidance, and reassurance at every stage.

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Choosing the Right Historic Abuse Solicitor

Selecting the right historic abuse solicitor can make a significant difference in your experience and the outcome of your claim. Here are some key factors to consider when choosing a solicitor for a historical abuse victim compensation case:

  • Experience: Look for solicitors with a proven track record in historical sexual abuse solicitors or historic child abuse victim claim cases. Specialist knowledge of both CICA and civil claims is essential.
  • Reputation: Research testimonials, reviews, and case outcomes to find a firm known for supporting survivors and securing fair compensation.
  • Sensitivity: Your solicitor should treat you with respect, empathy, and discretion, making you feel safe and heard at all times.
  • No Win, No Fee Options: Many historic abuse compensation UK specialists offer no win, no fee arrangements, reducing the financial risk for survivors.
  • Clear Communication: Choose a solicitor who communicates clearly, keeps you updated, and answers your questions promptly.

You can contact historic abuse solicitors directly or ask for recommendations from support organisations and charities experienced in historical sexual abuse compensation cases.

How Solicitors Can Maximize Historical Abuse Victim Compensation

Historic abuse solicitors play an essential role in maximizing the amount of compensation survivors receive for their historical abuse claim. They do this by:

  • Thoroughly preparing your claim and ensuring all injuries, financial losses, and special expenses are fully documented and supported with strong evidence.
  • Using their expertise in CICA historical abuse claim procedures and knowledge of historical sexual abuse compensation case law to argue for the highest possible award.
  • Challenging any initial CICA decisions that do not fairly reflect the impact of the abuse, including appealing or requesting reviews when necessary.
  • Advising on the potential for civil claims in addition to a CICA claim historic sexual abuse, so you are aware of every possible avenue for compensation.

Ultimately, working with skilled historic abuse solicitors or sexual abuse solicitors can make a substantial difference in your journey to justice and recovery, ensuring you receive the recognition, support, and financial compensation you deserve for the harm you have suffered.

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What is Sexual Abuse & Sexual Assault?

Sexual abuse and sexual assault can take many different forms, but the most important thing to remember is that it is never the victim’s fault. These terms refer to any sexual activity or contact that happens without the free, informed, and explicit consent of the other person.

Sexual consent means that someone agrees—freely, by choice, and with full understanding—to participate in sexual activity. True consent requires that a person has both the freedom and capacity to make that decision. There are situations where a person cannot legally or practically give consent, such as if they are:

  • Afraid for their safety or the safety of someone else
  • Asleep or unconscious
  • Incapacitated by alcohol or drugs

It’s crucial to understand that consent is not a one-time blanket approval. In the context of sexual activity:

  • Consent must be given for each specific activity, every time
  • Someone can say “yes” to one activity but “no” to another
  • Consent can be withdrawn at any time, even during sexual activity

If sexual contact or behaviour occurs without ongoing, enthusiastic, and informed consent, it is considered sexual abuse or assault.

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Examples of Sexual Abuse and Sexual Assault:

Sexual abuse and assault can result in a wide range of physical and psychological injuries. Some common examples include:

  • Unwanted touching: Any non-consensual touching, whether over or under clothing.
  • Non-consensual penetration: Actual or attempted penetration of the vagina, mouth, or anus—by any object or body part—without consent.
  • Coercion into unwanted acts: Forcing or manipulating someone into performing or enduring painful, degrading, or unwanted acts during sexual activity.
  • Exploitation of incapacitation: Taking advantage of someone who is intoxicated, asleep, unconscious, or otherwise unable to give clear consent.
  • Reproductive coercion: Denying access to contraception or protection, or forcing unprotected sex, increasing the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or unwanted pregnancy.
  • Physical injuries: Any sexual act resulting in internal injuries or harm to the body.
  • Permanent psychological harm: Sexual abuse or assault leading to long-term or permanently disabling mental illness, as confirmed by a psychiatric assessment.
  • Repeated abuse: A pattern of recurring incidents of sexual abuse or assault, whether perpetrated by one person or multiple individuals.
  • Medical consequences: Contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs), experiencing an unplanned pregnancy, or suffering the loss of a pregnancy (miscarriage) as a result of the abuse.

These examples highlight that sexual abuse and assault can have serious, wide-ranging, and lasting impacts on a survivor’s physical and mental health.

Emotional and Psychological Support for Survivors

Embarking on the journey to make a historical abuse claim can be one of the most emotionally challenging experiences a survivor may ever face. The process can reopen old wounds and bring up feelings of fear, anger, sadness, or shame. Many survivors report feeling isolated, anxious, or overwhelmed when revisiting traumatic events, especially when required to discuss them in detail for legal or medical purposes. This is why accessing robust emotional and psychological support is crucial—not just for navigating the claims process, but also for long-term healing and recovery.

Specialist therapists and counselors trained in trauma and abuse recovery can provide a safe, non-judgmental environment where survivors can process their feelings, develop coping strategies, and gradually rebuild their sense of self-worth and agency. Therapy might take place one-to-one, in group sessions, or even online, allowing for a flexible and personalized approach. Many survivors benefit from trauma-informed counseling, which focuses on empowerment, safety, and understanding the long-term impacts of abuse. Some organisations offer specialist support for survivors of specific types of abuse, such as childhood sexual abuse or abuse that took place within institutions.

It is also important to consider broader mental health services, such as those provided by the NHS, local mental health charities, or private practitioners. These services can address related issues like depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), or substance misuse. Support isn’t just for the survivor—family members and loved ones may also benefit from counseling or peer groups designed to help them understand and support their loved one through the healing process.

Beyond professional counseling, many survivors find great comfort in peer support groups—spaces where people with similar experiences share their stories, validate each other’s feelings, and offer practical advice. This sense of community can be a powerful antidote to the isolation that often accompanies historic abuse. Helplines, online forums, and survivor networks provide further avenues for confidential support and solidarity, especially for those who may not be ready to engage in face-to-face sessions.

Charities and Advocacy Groups for Historic Abuse Victims

In the UK, there is a rich landscape of charities and advocacy organisations dedicated to supporting those affected by historic sexual abuse, historic child abuse, and other forms of violent crime historic abuse. These organisations are often run by individuals with lived experience, or by professionals deeply committed to empowering survivors and breaking the cycle of silence. Among the most prominent organisations are:

  • The Survivors Trust: A national umbrella group for specialist rape and sexual abuse support services, providing a helpline, advocacy, and referrals to local centers for counseling and peer support.
  • NAPAC (National Association for People Abused in Childhood): Offers free telephone support, practical advice, online resources, and recovery groups specifically for adults who suffered abuse in childhood.
  • Rape Crisis: Provides direct services for women and girls who have experienced any kind of sexual violence, including counseling, advocacy, and independent sexual violence advisors (ISVAs).
  • Victim Support: Offers support to all victims of crime, including tailored help for survivors of historic abuse, emotional support, and help navigating the criminal justice and compensation systems.
  • MOSAC (Mothers of Sexually Abused Children): Focuses on supporting non-abusing parents and carers, providing information and advocacy to help families recover together.
  • One in Four UK: Specialises in providing long-term therapy, advocacy, and support for survivors of childhood sexual abuse, including group work and help with criminal and civil claims.

These charities and groups offer a wide variety of services, including confidential counseling, advocacy, helplines, peer support networks, workshops, training, and legal guidance. Many also run awareness campaigns to reduce stigma and promote the rights of survivors. Importantly, they can guide survivors through practical steps, from reporting abuse and understanding their legal options, to accessing compensation, medical care, and emotional support. Reaching out to these organisations can be a crucial first step on the path to recovery.

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What is Criminal Injuries Compensation Scheme?

The Criminal Injuries Compensation Scheme in the UK is a government-run program that provides financial compensation to individuals who have been physically or mentally injured as a result of violent crime. The compensation is paid to those who have suffered injury and can demonstrate that the injury was sustained as a direct result of a crime of violence.

To be eligible for compensation, the crime must have been reported to the police and the victim must have cooperated with the police investigation and prosecution. The amount of compensation awarded is based on a tariff system and can range from a few hundred to several thousand pounds, depending on the severity of the injury and other factors.

The purpose of this scheme is to provide financial support to victims of violent crime who have been physically or mentally injured as a result of the crime. The compensation is intended to help cover the cost of medical expenses (which are not covered by NHS or recoverable from any other source), lost income, and other expenses related to the injury.

What Payments Are Available From The Scheme?

CICA will consider claims for the following injuries, medical conditions and special expenses:

  • mental or physical injury following a crime of violence;
  • sexual or physical abuse;
  • loss of earnings – where you have no or limited capacity to work as the direct result of a criminal injury;
  • special expenses payments – these cover certain costs you may have incurred as a direct result of an incident. You can only ask us to consider special expenses if your injuries mean you have been unable to work or have been incapacitated to a similar extent for more than 28 weeks;
  • a fatality caused by a crime of violence including bereavement payments, payments for loss of parental services and financial dependency; and funeral payments.

To qualify for an award, an injury must be described in the tariff of injuries at Annex E of the CICA Scheme. Not all claims for compensation will be successful; you must be eligible under the rules of the Scheme.

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Calculate Your Claim Amount

You can use our simple CICA claim calculator to calculate the potential award amount.

Criminal Injuries Compensation Basic Eligibility Requirements:

You need to meet some basic requirements before you can claim compensation from CICA

  • Time Limit: There is a two-year time limit for making a CICA claim for compensation under the scheme, although exceptions may be made in cases where the injury was not immediately apparent or where the victim was a child at the time of the crime. Exceptions may be made for historic sexual abuse cases else you should have a good reason for delay in making a claim.
  • Connection Between Injury & Crime: The injuries you are claiming for must have been sustained as a direct result of a crime of violence and you are a blameless victim.
  • Reporting the Crime: The crime must have been reported to the police as soon as is reasonably practicable and you do not drop the charges. The victim must have cooperated with the police investigation and prosecution. CICA does not consider whether an assailant is prosecuted or not.
  • Residency: To be eligible for compensation under the CICA scheme, the incident must have happened in England, Scotland or Wales and victim must have been resident in the UK at the time of the crime.
  • Behaviour of The Victim: The victim’s behaviour must not have contributed to the injury. In certain circumstances, compensation may still be payable even if the victim’s behaviour contributed to the injury, but this will be assessed by CICA on a case-by-case basis.
  • Criminal Convictions: In some cases, compensation may be reduced or refused if the victim has an unspent criminal record.
  • Injuries Before 1979 (the “same roof” rule): Until 2019, victims injured before 1 October 1979 by an attacker they lived with could not claim. That restriction was abolished in June 2019, so if you were previously refused compensation for this reason you may now be able to apply.

If you are considering making a compensation claim for your injuries, it’s always best to consult with a solicitor or the Criminal Injuries Compensation Authority (CICA) to check your eligibility to make a claim. You can call us or request a free callback for a free initial consultation. We take all CICA cases on a No Win, No Fee basis. This means you don’t need to pay us anything if we can’t secure any compensation.

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What Constitutes as Sexual Abuse?

Sexual abuse refers to any non-consensual sexual act or behaviour, including but not limited to:

  1. Rape: Forced sexual intercourse or penetration of any kind.
  2. Sexual Assault: Any unwanted sexual contact, including fondling, touching, or kissing.
  3. Child Sexual Abuse: Sexual acts or behaviour involving a child, including fondling, exposure, and exploitation.
  4. Sexual Harassment: Unwanted sexual advances, comments, or physical contact.
  5. Sexual Exploitation: Taking advantage of someone for sexual purposes, including prostitution and human trafficking.
  6. Incest: Sexual abuse that occurs within a family, including sexual contact between siblings or between a parent and child.
  7. Sexual Discrimination: Treating someone differently based on their gender or sexual orientation, including denying someone employment or education opportunities because of their gender or sexual orientation.

Sexual abuse can have serious and long-lasting consequences for the victim, including physical injuries, emotional trauma, and psychological distress. If you have been a victim of sexual abuse, it is important to seek support from trusted friends, family members, or a professional organisation that can help you with the healing process.

If someone makes a sexual advance to you that is unwanted than this is known as sexual abuse. If that person applies force then it becomes sexual assault.

There are different categories of sexual assault, these are:

Contact Abuse: This involves physical contact between the abuser and the victim. This can include the unwanted sexual touch of somebody’s body, even if they are fully dressed.

  • Penetration or rape which is the act of putting a sex organ or other object in another person’s vagina, anus or mouth.
  • Using force to make another person take part in a sex act.
  • Forcing someone to undress.

Non Contact Abuse: This does not require any physical touching to take place but does include the exploitation or grooming of a person. Non contact abuse can include

  • Insisting that an individual listens to, or observes sexual acts.
  • Insisting that an individual views pornography.

Don’t forget that sexual assault and sexual abuse do not discriminate between ages or genders, it can happen to anybody. The majority of victims are females and minors but men who have been victims of abuse are equally entitled to claim compensation. That compensation can be payable for both psychological and physical injury.

Who Can Claim Sexual Abuse Compensation From CICA?

Victims of sexual abuse in England, Scotland, or Wales may be eligible to claim compensation from the Criminal Injuries Compensation Authority (CICA) if they meet the following criteria:

If you have been the victim of sexual abuse or sexual assault as a child or as an adult you can claim compensation through a government funded scheme. The scheme is managed by a body called the CICA. In order to apply you need to meet the following eligibility criteria:

  • You must have reported the child abuse or sexual assault crimes to the police. This included non-recent abuse cases.
  • The police must be able to investigate thoroughly with your full cooperation.
  • You must submit your claim (*in most cases) within 2 years reporting to the police.
  • You must be a resident of the UK, a national of the European Economic Area (EEA), or have leave to remain in the UK.

*It is possible to claim after the deadline in some cases where the assault victim suffers mental health problems or has an exceptional reason for any delay in submitting the claim.

It is important to note that compensation from the CICA is not intended to replace a criminal conviction for the abuser, but rather to provide financial support to the victim as they recover from their injury.

What is The Time Limit to Submit Sexual Abuse Claims to CICA?

All CICA compensation claims are subject to a time limit. This is around two years from when the assault happened or from when you reported the assault to the police. For child sexual abuse case you can also file a claim after 2 year of your 18th Birthday. However, because many people find it difficult to talk about this sensitive issue at the time of the attack, exceptions can be made and the limit can be extended to 10 or even 20 years later for historical abuse claims depending on the facts of the case.

We can advise you on how your claim can still be successfully made despite being late. We have managed to win cases that were delayed by 10-20 years or more. The key issue is the reason for the delay and whether health problems have contributed. It is not sufficient to simply argue that you did not know about the scheme or the rule which may have led to a delayed claim. That explanation will not meet the exceptional reason criteria for a late claim being admitted.

How Does CICA Award Compensation For Sexual Abuse Cases?

The Criminal Injuries Compensation Authority (CICA) may award compensation to victims of sexual abuse who have suffered physical or psychological harm as a result of the abuse. The amount of compensation awarded will depend on the specific circumstances of the case, including the severity and impact of the harm suffered.

In sexual abuse cases, the CICA will typically consider a number of factors when determining the amount of compensation to award, including:

  1. The nature and extent of the abuse: This includes the type of abuse, how often it occurred, and how long it lasted.
  2. The impact of the abuse: This includes any physical or psychological harm suffered as a result of the abuse, such as injuries, trauma, or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
  3. The age of the victim at the time of the abuse: The CICA may take into account the victim’s age at the time of the abuse when determining the amount of compensation to award.
  4. Any financial losses suffered as a result of the abuse: This can include lost earnings or medical expenses incurred as a result of the abuse.
What Can Be Claimed For in Sexual Abuse Claims?

There are a number of things that will be taken into account in the sexual abuse cases to establish how much compensation you will receive. These include:

  • Damages to cover the sexual assault as well as the emotional, mental and psychological distress you are sure to be feeling.
  • Expenses for medical treatment including surgery, equipment, medication or health care from a private provider.
  • Expenses for travel. You may have needed to travel some distance to see a medical professional with a particular area of expertise.
  • Loss of earnings whilst recovering. If you were unable to work whilst you were recuperating then you may be able to receive reimbursement for your loss of earnings during this time.
  • If you required a carer to help in your home then you can recoup the costs for this. Many people who have been sexually abused require assistance following the incident.

Don’t forget to keep as much information and evidence as you can in order to claim back the maximum amount of expenses when you file your claim.

What is No Win, No Fee? – Can I Really Start a Claim For Free?

Yes, you can. We have a no win, no fee policy also known as a Contingency Fee Agreement (CFA) which means that we will not take a penny from you unless you win your settlement.

We understand that paying fees would just add to your worries in an already difficult situation. When we work for clients to claim compensation for victims of abuse we protect their financial security by agreeing that the amount payable for our work will be taken out of the final compensation payout, and not before. If for any reason your claim is unsuccessful, we will not require you to pay anything.

How Long Do CICA Claims For Sexual Abuse Take?

The length of time it takes to process a Criminal Injuries Compensation Authority (CICA) claim for sexual abuse can vary depending on a number of factors, such as the complexity of the case and the amount of evidence required to support the claim.

In general, CICA claims can take several months to process, with some cases taking longer than a year to reach a decision. However, sexual abuse cases can be particularly complex and may require additional time to investigate and assess the evidence. This is because sexual abuse cases often involve sensitive and traumatic issues, and may require input from a range of experts, such as medical professionals and psychologists.

Most sexual abuse claims settle within 6-12 months. However, when you submit an sexual abuse case to the CICA you will be given two options regarding the method of how the claim is assessed. This directly affects how long a claim can take to reach a settlement. The CICA ask you to choose whether you wish to settle any eligible case using the police evidence only or the police evidence along with medical evidence. If you have no severe mental health complications then a “police evidence only” option might suit you. This might lead to a settlement within 3 months after receiving police report.

It is strongly recommended you only choose the quicker route if you do not wish to claim for a medical related problem and have no loss of earnings to consider. If you settle the claim without exploring medical evidence you may receive a much lower award than you are entitled to.

What Happens When You Report a Sexual Abuse Case to The Police?

One of the most difficult moments for any survivor of abuse comes when they make the difficult decision to report the crimes to the police. The fear of an uncertain outcome, a scary court process but also disclosure of the abuse itself along with naming the abuser can all be overwhelming. The police however are very well equipped to handle such investigations and modern methods of investigating sexual crimes have made the process much easier to bear.

The police will want to interview all relevant parties and witnesses. The witness statement from the “complainant” will usually be in video form once the initial disclosure has taken place. The offender may also be interviewed under caution on video. Additional evidence will be considered such as medical records, phone based media evidence and any witnesses spoken to. The matter will in due course be considered for a referral to the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) in England & Wales or the The Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service (COPFS) in Scotland for the decision to be made on a possible prosecution. If the case is to proceed a trial date or window will then be set. The process can take anywhere from 1-2 years. More complex cases involving multiple victims may take longer.

What Type of Evidence Required to Make a Successful CICA Sexual Abuse Claim?

The CICA will always obtain evidence from the police to substantiate the allegations made against the offender. They must establish on the balance of probability that the events occurred and that criminal intent or wrongdoing was accepted by the police. Further evidence will then be required in most cases from an applicants GP or hospital (mental health department for example) to show the level of any injury caused. You do not need to show signs of a mental injury or disorder to claim an abuse award. The fact that the acts were perpetrated and abuse has been established is sufficient to receive an award. It is important that medical evidence is explored fully if you have a serious condition such as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) or a personality disorder. This may help support a higher compensation award and possibly a loss of earnings payment.

How Much Can The CICA Award For Sexual Abuse and Sexual Assault Claims?

Our calculator tool in main menu or below will help you with estimating the potential compensation that may be paid in respect of your claim. However be aware that figures do vary considerably depending upon the nature (severity) of the abuse, period of suffering and whether any mental harm has been caused. Some common example award payouts are listed below relevant to the acts or abuse perpetrated:

  • Molestation above clothing: £1,500 – £2,000
  • Non penile penetrative acts: £3,300 – £8,200
  • Penile penetrative assaults single event or over a period (rape assaults): £11,000 – £22,000

If you suffer with mental illness you can only claim for this element if you have a condition diagnosed by a psychiatrist or clinical psychologist. CICA applies this evidential standard strictly. The following awards are paid for such cases:

  • Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) recovery likely: up to £13,500
  • Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) condition likely to be lifelong: £22,000
  • Emotionally Unstable Personality Disorder (EUPD) – up to £22,000
  • Emotionally Unstable Personality Disorder (EUPD) generally deemed lifelong: £22,000

You can only receive one main award, so you will not be compensated for both the abuse itself and also any mental health condition. You receive the higher award from the two categories.

What You Should Do Once The Abuse or Assault Has Been Reported To The Police?

It is essential that you co-operate with the police and help with the ongoing investigations in every possible way. This could include but not limited to make a formal statement and in some circumstances attending the court. In some cases, it can be extremely difficult to recall and talk about the abuse or assault but the more details you can provide will generally help your case and aid in making a criminal injuries compensation claim.

If you refuse to make a statement or withdraw your statement then criminal injuries compensation authority (CICA) are unlikely to award you any compensation, as they require that you are the blameless victim of the crime and you fully co-operated with the Police. If you do not fulfil these criteria then CICA usually refuses to compensate for any criminal injury even if you have been seriously assaulted.

Can I Make a Compensation Claim if Nobody Has Been Convicted of The Crime?

Yes, it is possible to make a compensation claim through the Criminal Injuries Compensation Authority (CICA) even if nobody has been convicted of the crime that caused your injury. The CICA scheme is designed to provide compensation to innocent victims of violent crime, regardless of whether or not the perpetrator has been caught or convicted.

To make a claim, you will need to meet certain eligibility criteria, such as reporting the crime to the police as soon as possible, cooperating with the police and other relevant authorities, and submitting your application to the CICA within a certain timeframe. The specific criteria may vary depending on the circumstances of your case

CICA will also make a full investigation of the facts of your case. There are many occasions when it is not possible to identify the person who has assaulted you. You might have suffered memory loss due to the trauma of the attack, the assailant may have had their face covered or have even fled the country.

I’m Nervous About Applying For Compensation, Can You Allay My Concerns?

Many victims are rightly nervous about seeking compensation. They may have family concerns, as the family does not want to speak or be reminded of this dark episode in their past. They may feel worried about speaking to the police, or worried this will bring back all those memories they have tried to forget for years. Having listened for years to victims concerns, out team can share with you their experiences and help guide you through this difficult time.

I Have an Unspent Conviction or Convictions, Can I Still Make a CICA Claim?

Whilst in the past it was quite likely that those with an unspent conviction or convictions would still be able to make a claim, with compensation awarded at a reduced rate, today that is mostly not the case. Under current legislation, the CICA is unlikely to award any form of damages to a claimant who still has a conviction which is unspent. This is the case if the conviction resulted in a custodial sentence or orders for probation, community, or youth rehabilitation. In most cases, a conviction will have an attached period of rehabilitation, meaning that they stay unspent during this time. For instance, community orders may have a one year period for rehabilitation after. This will delay you from being able to make a claim.

To find out if you are able to make a criminal injury claim with your criminal record, please consult our team for advice specific to you.

We are here to help!

If you, a friend or a family member has suffered physical or psychological injuries as a result of a violent crime, it may be possible to apply to the CICA for compensation.

“The Criminal Injuries Compensation Authority (CICA), is a government organisation which provides compensation for victims of violent crime in England, Wales, and Scotland. We represent victims of violent crime to get compensation from CICA.”

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Criminal Injury Solicitors is trading name of LPS solicitors. We are a limited company registered in England and Wales (Company number 05777383). We are Authorised & Regulated by the Solicitors Regulation Authority (SRA). The SRA rules can be found by visiting www.sra.org.uk

Where we offer “No Win, No Fee” services, typically customers pay 25% plus applicable taxes of the award amount from the criminal injuries compensation authority (CICA).

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